Prey handling time in two piscivores, <i>Esox americanus vermiculatus</i> and <i>Micropterus salmoides</i>, with contrasting mouth morphologies

Hoyle, James A.; Keast, Allen

doi:10.1139/z88-079

Cited by 41 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Because pharyn eal ape was not measured in this study, it is unknown if this measure is a better predictor of prey size and species consumed . It is known that handlin time increases with relative prey size (Werner 1974, Hoyle & Keast 1987, and Centropomus may have considered this cost when selectin fishes for consumption, avoidin lar e fish (> 89% of ape) . Factors other than absolute mouth size constraints, such as relative swimmin abilities of the predator and its prey (e .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of oral anatomy on prey selection during the ontogeny of two percoid fishes, Lagodon rhomboides and Centropomus undecimalis

1995

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SynopsisOnto enetic: increases in mouth size and chan es in dentition of percoid fishes may affect the size and species of prey selected, thus influencin the fundamental trophic niche . To examine the influence of oral anatomy on prey selectivity by pinfish, La odon rhomboides, and snook, Centropomus undecimalis, two co-occurrin percoid fishes with contrastin mouth morpholo ies, the mouth size, dentition, stomach contents, and available prey durin onto eny were quantified . Based on the presence of prey fra ments in stomach contents and direct behavioral observation, prey were cate orized by the feedin mode used durin capture (suction/ramfeedin or bitin ) . Centropomus has a lar er size-specific ape than La odon durin all onto enetic sta es .Althou h both feedin modes were used by La odon durin onto eny, the amount of prey captured usin suction/ram-feedin declined and the amount of prey captured by bitin increased with standard len th . This chan e in feedin mode was associated with a chan e in incisor shape and width : La odon < 39 mm SL possessed narrow, pointed incisors and stron ly selected amphipods, which are captured usin suction/ram-feedin ; La odon > 40 mm SL possessed wide, flat-topped incisors and si nificantly increased their selectivity for polychaetes, which are captured by bitin . Centropomus used ram-feedin to capture prey at all onto enetic sta es . Size-selective feedin by Centropomus was apparent but could not be due to ape-limitation alone, because avera e prey body depth was only 45% of ape and was not proportional to absolute mouth size increase durin onto eny. Dietary diversity was reatest durin the transition from suction/ram-feedin to bitin in La odon . La odon had a hi her dietary diversity at all onto enetic sta es than Centropomus, due in part to La odon's use of multiple feedin modes .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gape limitation has often been inferred when chan es in the maximum prey size (measured as the dimension ortho onal to the lon est axis of the body) consumed are correlated with the absolute mouth size of the predator (Lawrence 1957, Zaret 1980, Schmitt & Holbrook 1984b, Hoyle & Keast 1987, Hambri ht 1991, Schael et al . 1991 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of oral anatomy on prey selection during the ontogeny of two percoid fishes, Lagodon rhomboides and Centropomus undecimalis

1995

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“…Piscivore mouth gape size restricts the sizes and composition of prey fish that piscivores can ingest (Hoyle & Keast, 1987Mittelbach & Persson, 1998). Hambright et al (1991) predicted that, due to the gape limitation of piscivores, the top-down effects of piscivores observed in lakes containing fish assemblages dominated by deep-bodied fish species may be different from top-down piscivore effects observed in lakes dominated by small, shallow-bodied fish species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gape Limitation, Prey Size Refuges and the Top–down Impacts of Piscivorous Largemouth Bass in Shallow Pond Ecosystems

et al. 2006

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Top-down control of phytoplankton biomass through piscivorous fish manipulation has been explored in numerous ecological and biomanipulation experiments. Piscivores are gape-limited predators and it is hypothesized that the distribution of gape sizes relative to distribution of body depths of prey fish may restrict piscivore effects cascading to plankton. We examined the top-down effects of piscivorous largemouth bass on nutrients, turbidity, phytoplankton, zooplankton and fish in ponds containing fish assemblages with species representing a range of body sizes and feeding habits (western mosquitofish, bluegill, channel catfish, gizzard shad and common carp). The experimental design consisted of three replicated treatments: fishless ponds (NF), fish community without largemouth bass (FC), and fish community with largemouth bass (FCB). Turbidity, chlorophyll a, cyclopoid copepodid and copepod nauplii densities were significantly greater in FC and FCB ponds than in NF ponds. However, these response variables were not significantly different in FC and FCB ponds. The biomass and density of shallow-bodied western mosquitofish were reduced and bluegill body depths shifted toward larger size classes in the presence of largemouth bass, but the biomass and density of all other fish species and of the total fish community were unaffected by the presence of largemouth bass. Our results show that top-down impacts of largemouth bass in ecosystems containing small-and deep-bodied fish species may be most intense at the top of the food web and alter the size distribution and species composition of the fish community. However, these top-down effects may not cascade to the level of the plankton when large-bodied benthivorous fish species are abundant.

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“…The choice of prey size may provide grass pickerel with energetic advantages, as prey handling time decreases with a single larger prey item when compared to many smaller prey items (Hoyle and Keast 1988). Similarly, 200 mm TL muskellunge consumed prey that ranged from 6% to 47% of fish total length, while fish that averaged 1,199 mm TL consumed fish that were 20% of their total length (Bozek and Bum 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet of Grass Pickerel (Esox americanus vermiculafus) in Indiana Streams

Weinman

Lauer

2007

Journal of Freshwater Ecology

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Grass pickerel (Esox americanus vermiculatus) was collected from 16 streams and rivers in Indiana for diet analysis to determine the effects of this small-bodied esocid on lotic ecosystems. The 128 fish used in the analysis were divided among tlwee size classes-57-95 mm, 96-150 mm, and >I50 mm. Grass pickerel exhibited an ontogenetic shift in prey type with increasing sizc. The small size class had a diet dominated by fish, the intermediate size class had a diet dominated by both fish and crayfish, and the large size class had a diet dominated by crayfish. Insects also made up 22% of the volume of small and 29% of the volume of the intermediate size classes, whereas the large size class consumed only 1 % insects by volume. Calculated relative importance index (RI) showed that grass pickerel diet shifted from one dominant in fish (RI = 53) at the small size class to one dominated by crayfish (RI = 57) at the large size class. The grass pickerel was opportunistic in its diet choices and fed on increasingly larger items as its total length increased. This choice by grass pickerel in small streams suggests that it is feeding as a top predator and structuring the fish communities in these ecosystems.

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Prey handling time in two piscivores, Esox americanus vermiculatus and Micropterus salmoides, with contrasting mouth morphologies

Cited by 41 publications

References 11 publications

The influence of oral anatomy on prey selection during the ontogeny of two percoid fishes, Lagodon rhomboides and Centropomus undecimalis

The influence of oral anatomy on prey selection during the ontogeny of two percoid fishes, Lagodon rhomboides and Centropomus undecimalis

Gape Limitation, Prey Size Refuges and the Top–down Impacts of Piscivorous Largemouth Bass in Shallow Pond Ecosystems

Diet of Grass Pickerel (Esox americanus vermiculafus) in Indiana Streams

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