Prey Selection in the Oklahoma Salamander (Eurycea tynerensis)

Tumlison, Renn; Cline, George R.; Zwank, Phillip J.

doi:10.2307/1564238

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, we noted few negative interactions between salamanders and crayfish and no increased incidence of missing tails in the presence of crayfish (e.g., Tumlison et al, 1990). In a single instance, we observed a crayfish actively feeding on a salamander held in its cheliped.…”

Section: Potential Predatorsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Additionally, we found that embeddedness of rock substrates did not affect salamander density, likely due to the loose nature of the interstitial particles. Tumlison et al (1990) noted that Eurycea tynerensis densities were highest at sites where embeddedness was near 50% of rock bottom surface, and he hypothesized that the small particles provided spaces for foraging and cover.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several characteristics of these aquatic habitats have been used to explain the highly localized distribution of perennibranchiate Eurycea, including temporal and thermal flow reliability, minimal substrate siltation and calcium carbonate deposition (Tupa & Davis, 1976;Sweet, 1982), and the availability of subsurface refugia and corridors (Dowling, 1956;Rudolph, 1978;Sweet, 1982;Chippindale et al, 1993;Tumlison & Cline, 1997). Eurycea salamanders are commonly observed occupying areas under or near rocks, aquatic plants and algae, silt, sand, and organic debris (Tupa & Davis, 1976;Tumlison et al, 1990;Chippindale et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecology of the Jollyville Plateau Salamander (Eurycea tonkawae: Plethodontidae) with an Assessment of the Potential Effects of Urbanization

Bowles

Sanders²,

Hansen³

2006

Hydrobiologia

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The Jollyville Plateau salamander, Eurycea tonkawae Chippindale, Price, Wiens, and Hillis, inhabits springs and wet caves of the Jollyville segment of the Edwards Plateau, Texas. The known range of this species is limited to six stream drainages, and most known localities are at risk of impairment from urban development. Our purpose was to gather needed autecological information on E. tonkawae and evaluate factors that may affect the distribution and abundance of the species. We conducted visual salamander surveys at nine stream sites across the Jollyville Plateau between December 1996 and December 1998. The survey sites were classified as undeveloped or developed based on watershed impervious cover estimates. We characterized the habitat for each site, including substrate type, discharge, and water quality. Salamander counts varied seasonally, but generally were higher during spring and summer. Salamander densities across sites were positively correlated with rubble and cobble substrate density as preferred cover, and negatively correlated with the standard deviation of water temperature, as expected for a spring-adapted species. In addition, we found that mean salamander densities at sites occurring in undeveloped watersheds were significantly higher than at developed sites, where specific conductance of the water was higher. The results of this study suggest that while habitat and seasonal factors influence surface salamander densities, E. tonkawae populations may be most vulnerable to effects associated with urbanization.

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Section: Potential Predatorsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecology of the Jollyville Plateau Salamander (Eurycea tonkawae: Plethodontidae) with an Assessment of the Potential Effects of Urbanization

Bowles

Sanders²,

Hansen³

2006

Hydrobiologia

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“…The association of the San Marcos salamander with cobble substrates across both of the major habitat areas within the critical habitat (i.e. the lake and the river sections) is similar to habitat associations reported for other species of Eurycea (Tumlison et al ., ; Bowles et al ., ). Rock and gravel substrates serve as spatial refuges for small‐bodied salamanders from potential predators such as fish (Barr and Babbitt, ) and crayfish (Tumlison et al ., ; Bowles et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesohabitat associations of the threatened San Marcos salamander (Eurycea nana) across its geographic range

Diaz

Fries

Bonner

et al. 2015

Aquatic Conservation

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Habitat loss is one of the most critical factors affecting the loss of species. However, habitat conservation of many threatened species is performed with incomplete information on habitat requirements and trophic ecology, thus presenting a challenge to designing and implementing recovery plans. The San Marcos salamander (Eurycea nana) is a federally threatened spring‐associated organism whose geographic distribution is limited to the headwaters of the San Marcos River in Texas, USA. Although its designated critical habitat includes the headwaters and the first 50 m of the river, little is known of its habitat requirements or co‐occurrence with benthic macroinvertebrates and macrophytes. This study examined mesohabitat associations of the salamander and patterns of co‐occurrence with macrophytes and benthic invertebrates within its critical habitat. Surveys of mesohabitat characteristics were conducted during a one‐year period and data were analysed to assess mesohabitat associations of the San Marcos salamander and patterns of co‐occurrence with invertebrates and macrophytes. Salamanders were distributed throughout the critical habitat, but were almost exclusively found in mesohabitats containing cobble and gravel with coverage of Amblystegium and filamentous algae. The salamander did not exhibit consistent co‐occurrence with specific invertebrates or macrophytes across the critical habitat, indicating that salamanders were probably selecting mesohabitats based on benthic substrate and not the biotic communities. Protection of a specific mesohabitat type within the critical habitat of the San Marcos salamander is likely to be one of the most important conservation measures, given that it accounts for ~7% of the total area within the designated critical habitat. These results also emphasize that habitat conservation plans for species at risk should consider that contemporary spatial distribution of species within habitats may be influenced not only by their evolutionary history but also by past and current human pressures. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Only paedomorphic individuals in the western Ozark Plateau were considered to be E. tynerensis, while metamorphic individuals were considered to be part of a more widespread species, E. multiplicata (specifically the Ozark subspecies E. m. griseogaster). Consequently, conservation attention focused only on the paedomorphic populations Tumlison 1997, 2001;Tumlison et al 1990b;Tumlison and Cline 2003), which were given special conservation status (Near Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List and a Species of Special Concern by the states of Arkansas and Oklahoma ;Bonett 2005;IUCN 2008;ODWC 2009). However, recent phylogenetic analyses showed a well supported clade which includes E. tynerensis (paedomorphic individuals) and E. m. griseogaster (metamorphic individuals); yet neither taxon is itself monophyletic, and many adjacent populations of metamorphic and paedomorphic individuals are genetically identical based on mitochondrial DNA (Bonett and Chippindale 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considering alternative life history modes and genetic divergence in conservation: a case study of the Oklahoma salamander

Emel

Bonett

2011

Conserv Genet

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Alternative life history strategies can provide important variation for the long-term persistence of a lineage. However, conservation of such lineages can be complicated because each life history mode may have different habitat requirements and may be vulnerable to different environmental perturbations. The Oklahoma salamander (Eurycea tynerensis) is endemic to the Ozark Plateau of North America, and has two discrete life history modes, biphasic (metamorphic) and aquatic (paedomorphic). Until recently, these modes were considered separate species and conservation attention focused only on paedomorphic populations. We perform phylogenetic analyses of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b (Cytb) and nuclear gene proopiomelanocortin (POMC) to assess patterns of historical isolation in E. tynerensis, and test whether life history mode is randomly distributed with respect to the phylogeny and geography. We find three divergent Cytb lineages and significant shifts in POMC allele frequencies between the eastern, western, and southwestern portions of the distribution. Life history mode varies extensively, but paedomorphosis is largely restricted to the widespread western clade. Therefore, the two most divergent and narrowly distributed clades (southwestern and eastern) were previously overlooked due to their metamorphic life history. Paedomorphosis has allowed E. tynerensis to drastically increase its niche breadth and distribution size. Nevertheless, metamorphosis is also an important attribute, and metamorphic populations are the ultimate source for paedomorphic evolution. Preservation of divergent genetic lineages, and regions that include adjacent habitat for both life history modes, may be the most effective way to maintain historical and adaptive variation and provide gateways for ongoing life history evolution.

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Prey Selection in the Oklahoma Salamander (Eurycea tynerensis)

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Ecology of the Jollyville Plateau Salamander (Eurycea tonkawae: Plethodontidae) with an Assessment of the Potential Effects of Urbanization

Ecology of the Jollyville Plateau Salamander (Eurycea tonkawae: Plethodontidae) with an Assessment of the Potential Effects of Urbanization

Mesohabitat associations of the threatened San Marcos salamander (Eurycea nana) across its geographic range

Considering alternative life history modes and genetic divergence in conservation: a case study of the Oklahoma salamander

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