“…To adequately model the extreme return outliers in equity markets, more recent theoretical and empirical research also argues in favor of jumps in the price process, 6 for example, currency options (Xiao et al 2010), double-jump currency option model (Xu et al 2013;Guo and Hung, 2007), commodity prices (Eydel and and Geman, 1998;Schwartz and Smith, 2000;Escribano et al 2002), option pricing (Merton, 1976;Duffie et al 2000), risk 5 The downside of moving to the log-double-exponential distribution is that it uses more parameters than the log-normal distribution. Moreover, many theoretical results are only valid for the log-normal distribution.…”