Primärbefall durchXylosandrus germanus an Jungeichen

Heidenreich, E.

doi:10.1007/bf02102333

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…By measuring the vertical distribution of attacks, ambrosia beetles were demonstrated to preferentially attack the lower trunk region on flood‐stressed trees, whereas attacks on freeze‐stressed trees mainly occurred around the middle and upper trunk regions and branches. Heidenreich () also observed that trunks and branches of freeze‐stressed trees were attacked by X. germanus , whereas trunks are mainly attacked on flood‐stressed trees (Ranger et al ., ). Understanding how physiological stressors influence the vertical distribution of ambrosia beetle attacks could aid tree care professionals in determining what stressors potentially predisposed the trees to attack, thereby helping to predict and mitigate the risk of future attacks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the role of flood‐stress, a growing number of studies suggest that freeze‐stressed trees are also preferentially attacked by ambrosia beetles. For example, oak ( Quercus rubra L.) trees growing in Germany that showed signs of frost damage but otherwise appeared healthy were attacked by X. germanus (Heidenreich, ; Gauss, ). Young sycamore ( Acer pseudoplatanus L.) trees severely injured or killed by frost were also attacked by X. germanus (Heidenreich, ; Gauss, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Freeze stress of deciduous trees induces attacks by opportunistic ambrosia beetles

Ranger

Schultz

Frank

et al. 2018

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 A broad host range and the utilization of living but weakened trees contribute, in part, to the invasion success of ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). The present study assessed the capability of freeze stress to induce attacks by ambrosia beetles. 2 Freeze stress predisposed Cercis canadensis L., Cornus florida L., Malus pumilaMill. and Styrax japonicus Sieb. to attack under field conditions, although no attacks occurred on untreated trees. More attacks occurred on freeze-stressed versus flood-stressed M. pumila in Virginia but not for S. japonicus in Ohio. Attacks on flooded trees were skewed towards the base of the trunk, whereas attacks on freeze-stressed trees mainly occurred around the upper regions of the trunk and into the branches. The predominant species recovered were Anisandrus maiche Stark and Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) in Ohio, and Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) in Virginia. 3 Ethanol emissions from trunks of S. japonicus were detected by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry at 1 day after imposing freeze stress, peaking 4 days after injury. 4 Trees with an intolerance of freeze stress are predicted to be vulnerable to attack, especially when subjected to mild winter temperatures followed by late-spring freezes. Freeze stress could thereby facilitate the destructiveness of exotic ambrosia beetles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freeze stress of deciduous trees induces attacks by opportunistic ambrosia beetles

Ranger

Schultz

Frank

et al. 2018

Agri and Forest Entomology

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“…Although mating generally takes place among siblings, some males leave their natal gallery and search for other galleries on the same log. The mated females overwinter in their gallery and disperse the next spring (Gauss 1960;Heidenreich 1960Heidenreich , 1964. Female dispersal distance probably ranges up to 100 m (estimate based on our own trapping data; Heidenreich 1964).…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreeding Depression, but No Inbreeding Depression in Haplodiploid Ambrosia Beetles With Regular Sibling Mating

Peer

Taborsky²

2005

Evolution

152

106

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In sexual reproduction the genetic similarity or dissimilarity between mates strongly affects offspring fitness. When mating partners are too closely related, increased homozygosity generally causes inbreeding depression, whereas crossing between too distantly related individuals may disrupt local adaptations or coadaptations within the genome and result in outbreeding depression. The optimal degree of inbreeding or outbreeding depends on population structure. A long history of inbreeding is expected to reduce inbreeding depression due to purging of deleterious alleles, and to promote outbreeding depression because of increased genetic variation between lineages. Ambrosia beetles (Xyleborini) are bark beetles with haplodiploid sex determination, strong local mate competition due to regular sibling mating within the natal chamber, and heavily biased sex ratios. We experimentally mated females of Xylosandrus germanus to brothers and unrelated males and measured offspring fitness. Inbred matings did not produce offspring with reduced fitness in any of the examined life-history traits. In contrast, outcrossed offspring suffered from reduced hatching rates. Reduction in inbreeding depression is usually attributed to purging of deleterious alleles, and the absence of inbreeding depression in X. germanus may represent the highest degree of purging of all examined species so far. Outbreeding depression within the same population has previously only been reported from plants. The causes and consequences of our findings are discussed with respect to mating strategies, sex ratios, and speciation in this unusual system.

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“…Hardwood hosts include more than 20 in East Asia and 10 in Germany where the beetle was introduced prior to 1952 (Wichmann 1955). However, it has attacked healthy young maple (U.S.A.) (Hoffmann 1941), 7-year old red oak (Germany) (Heidenreich 1960), and teaplants (Groschke 195 3) and persimmon orchards (Japan) (Ueno 1960). Softwood hosts were red pine (U.S.A.) (Buchanan 1941), the todo fir (Japan) (Inouye l95S), and Norway spruce and white pine (Germany) (Wichmann 1955).…”

Section: Hosts and Associated Bark Beetlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…la and b) for both elm and maple. Heidenreich ( 1960) described and showed pllotos of simple galleries in young healthy red oak. All types were present in hosts in North Carolina.…”

Section: Seasonal Development and Gallery Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

NEW HOSTS, DISTRIBUTION, AND BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON AN IMPORTED AMBROSIA BEETLE, XYLOSANDRUS GERMANUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

Schneider¹,

Farrier

1969

Can Entomol

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Primärbefall durchXylosandrus germanus an Jungeichen

Cited by 16 publications

References 4 publications

Freeze stress of deciduous trees induces attacks by opportunistic ambrosia beetles

Freeze stress of deciduous trees induces attacks by opportunistic ambrosia beetles

Outbreeding Depression, but No Inbreeding Depression in Haplodiploid Ambrosia Beetles With Regular Sibling Mating

NEW HOSTS, DISTRIBUTION, AND BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON AN IMPORTED AMBROSIA BEETLE, XYLOSANDRUS GERMANUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

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