Primary Batteries—Lithium Batteries

Kronenberg, M. L.; Blomgren, G. E.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-6687-8_8

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The potential difference values between the first part of the curves (acidic media) and the second part (basic media) is correlated with the pK HS of the solvent (relations (3,(6)(7)). So at first glance it appears that pK HS strongly decreases from pure water (curve (1)) to pure formic acid (curve (15)), passing through a minimum.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But as lithium is the most electropositive metal (-3.01V/NHE), its use in water was not possible, and new electrolytes had to be selected. Among all aprotic solvents available, some of them like propylene carbonate, dimethoxyethane, acetonitrile, have been chosen to implement lithium batteries [6][7]. Nowadays these batteries have invaded our daily environment (watches, computers, cellular phones, camcorder,…).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical determination of acidity level and dissociation of formic acid/water mixtures as solvent

Jaime-Ferrer

Couallier

Rakib

et al. 2007

Electrochimica Acta

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The autoprotolysis constant K HS of formic acid/water mixtures as solvent has been calculated from acid-base potentiometric titration curves. A correlation of the acidity scale pK HS of each media vs. that of pure water has been implemented owing to the electrochemical redox function R°(H + ) of Strehlow. The results show that formic acid/water mixtures are much more dissociated than pure water; they are sufficiently dissociated media to allow electrochemical measures without addition of an electrolyte. It has also been shown that for a same H + concentration the activity of protons increases when formic acid concentration grows. For more than 80% by weight of formic acid the acidity is sufficiently increased so that the whole acidity scale pK HS is in the super acid medium of the generalized acidity scale pH H2O .

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical determination of acidity level and dissociation of formic acid/water mixtures as solvent

Jaime-Ferrer

Couallier

Rakib

et al. 2007

Electrochimica Acta

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“…The most important use of MnO 2 is in primary Leclanché (carbon-zinc) and alkaline batteries. This material is used in obtaining the spinel structure of the cathode materials to be used in rechargeable Li-ion batteries (e.g., LiMn 2 O 4 ) [4][5][6]. MnO 2 needed for the production of batteries must have high purity and high electrochemical activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrometallurgical Production of Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide (EMD) from Furnace Fines

Önal¹,

Panda

Kopparthi

et al. 2021

Minerals

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The ferromanganese (FeMn) alloy is produced through the smelting-reduction of manganese ores in submerged arc furnaces. This process generates large amounts of furnace dust that is environmentally problematic for storage. Due to its fineness and high volatile content, this furnace dust cannot be recirculated through the process, either. Conventional MnO2 production requires the pre-reduction of low-grade ores at around 900 °C to convert the manganese oxides present in the ore into their respective acid-soluble forms; however, the furnace dust is a partly reduced by-product. In this study, a hydrometallurgical route is proposed to valorize the waste dust for the production of battery-grade MnO2. By using dextrin, a cheap organic reductant, the direct and complete dissolution of the manganese in the furnace dust is possible without any need for high-temperature pre-reduction. The leachate is then purified through pH adjustment followed by direct electrowinning for electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) production. An overall manganese recovery rate of >90% is achieved.

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Passivity of Metals, Alloys, and Semiconductors

Schultze

Hassel

2003

Encyclopedia of Electrochemistry

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The sections in this article are Introduction Definition of Passivity Survey of Systems General Principles of Passivity Thermodynamics and Bond Polarity Experimental Techniques for Characterization of Passive Films Thickness and Stoichiometry of Passive Films Chemistry, Crystal Structure and Aging Chemistry and Crystal Structure Aging Potential Distribution at the Interface Electrochemical and Chemical Reactions in Passive Systems Reactions Current Densities i Ionic Properties, Migration and Ion‐Transfer Reactions Electronic Behavior and ETR Band Structure of Oxide Films Electron‐Transfer Reactions ETR at Oxide Films Mixed Ionic/Electronic Conductivity Equivalent Circuit Diagrams Growth of Oxide Films and Ionic Migration Survey on the Growth of Oxide Films Insulating Passive Films on Metals: Growth, and Corrosion of Al as Example Thermodynamic Aspects A Survey on Oxide Formation from CVs The Film Formation Factor k Electrochemical Impedance Spectra EIS and Equivalent Circuit Diagram Kinetics of Film Growth Corrosion and Breakdown Porous Aluminum Oxide Other Types of Passive Aluminum Oxide Films, Anof, Modified Aluminum, Alloys Other Systems Other Metals Forming Insulating Oxide Films Semiconducting and Metallic Oxide Films on Metals Duplex Films Passivation with Participation of the Electrolyte Semiconductors Passivation of Alloys ITR at the Homogeneous Oxide/Electrolyte Interface: Corrosion and Modification Passive Corrosion in the Steady State Corrosion during Oxide Growth Oxide Reduction and Oxidation Modification of Oxide Films by ITR of Other Ions Corrosion at Inhomogeneous Films: Breakdown, Pitting and Localized Attack Microscopic and Molecular Reasons for Local Corrosion Dielectric Breakdown Collision ionization model Tunnel model for thin films Pitting Corrosion Cathodic Breakdown Laser Induced Breakdown or Oxide Growth Applications Conclusions Acknowledgments

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Primary Batteries—Lithium Batteries

Cited by 13 publications

References 43 publications

Electrochemical determination of acidity level and dissociation of formic acid/water mixtures as solvent

Electrochemical determination of acidity level and dissociation of formic acid/water mixtures as solvent

Hydrometallurgical Production of Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide (EMD) from Furnace Fines

Passivity of Metals, Alloys, and Semiconductors

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