Primary Care of the Patient with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Park, Jean R.; Pfeil, Sheryl

doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2015.05.009

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are caused by inappropriate functioning of the mucosal immune system, and include ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease [1][2][3]. The global incidence of UC ranges from 2.2 to 3.14 per 100,000 people per year, and the global incidence of Crohn's disease is 1.3 to 6.14 per 100,000 people per year [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The global incidence of UC ranges from 2.2 to 3.14 per 100,000 people per year, and the global incidence of Crohn's disease is 1.3 to 6.14 per 100,000 people per year [4]. Despite lack of clear statistics, the incidence rate of IBD seems to be on the rise in Iran, with UC reported as the most common type in the country [1][2][3]. The exact etiology of the disease is not clear yet, but the possible role of several factors including bacteria, nutrition, psychology, immunology, genetics and environmental factors have been implicated in IBD pathogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum Concentrations of Trace Elements in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis

Joshaghani

Amiriani

Goodarzi

et al. 2018

jcbr

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Introduction: Nutritional status of patients with inflammatory bowel disease is estimated to be lower than optimal. This study was designed to compare the serum level of some trace elements in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in 2015-2016, on 60 recently diagnosed UC patients (30 with active UC and 30 with inactive UC) who were recruited from registry of the Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Gorgan, Iran) through simple random sampling. Thirty healthy individuals were also recruited as controls. Demographic data and disease activity index were recorded through a checklist. Serum levels of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se) and magnesium (Mg) were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 at significance level of 0.05. Results: Mean serum level of Cu in the patients (0.75±0.25 mg/L) was significantly lower than in the controls (1.11±0.3 mg/L) (P=0001). Similarly, mean serum level of Mg in the patients (15.84±4.3 mg/L) was significantly lower than in the controls (19.48±15.7 mg/L) (P=0.001). Mean serum level of Se was slightly higher among the UC patients, while mean serum level of Zn was slightly lower in the UC patients compared with the controls. Conclusions: Our results show that UC patients have significantly lower Cu and Mg levels compared to healthy individuals. However, serum Zn and Se levels do not differ significantly between the UC patients and the control individuals. Further studies are required to confirm the results of this study.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Concentrations of Trace Elements in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis

Joshaghani

Amiriani

Goodarzi

et al. 2018

jcbr

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“…The disease mainly affects people aged 15-40 years and is equally found in both genders [3]. It is characterized by exacerbations and remissions, some of the symptoms in the phase of exacerbation are: A.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diarrhea; B. Abdominal pain and cramps; C. Blood in feces; D. Reduced appetite and weight loss; E. Hepatitis and cholangitis; F. Iridocyclitis; G. Arthritis; H. Fatigue; I. Dermatitis; J. Fever; K. Delayed development in children [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Side effects from the use of azathioprine in Crohn's disease: A systematic review

2016

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Introduction: Crohn's disease is a chronic, relapsing and inflammatory condition. Azathioprine (AZA) is an immunosuppressive drug used for maintenance of the disease remission. However, the side effects this drug causes to patients, makes it questionable, as to its safety, for health. Purpose: To determine the type and severity of side effects caused by AZA treatment in Crohn's disease. Materials and methods: Through systematic review of literature, 85 studies were found, 10 of which were selected. The selection criteria were: a) articles, which were primary studies, reviews or meta-analyzes, b) available in full text, c) written in English and d) finally articles, referring to humans. Results: Studies show that AZA, is drug of choice, for treating Crohn's disease. However, side effects from its use are numerous and increasing in severity. According to the survey results, people who used this drug, developed at some point in their treatment, side effects such as hepatotoxicity, myelotoxicity, acute pancreatitis (p<0.001), gastrointestinal intolerance, general hardship, blood disorders, fever wave, itching and arthralgia. Conclusions: Recommendations from these studies show that side effects immerge from almost all systems in the patient's body, but it is not proven if all of them have to do exclusively with the drug or the disease’s nature. As AZA holds a prominent role in disease’s treatment, the use of more thorough controls is recommended for simultaneous treatment of side effects.

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