Primary Hypothyroidism and Human Spermatogenesis

Corrales, J. J.; Garcia, J Rodriguez; Diez, Laurent

doi:10.3109/01485019008987590

Cited by 66 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In some studies, hypothyroid men have had low serum concentrations of testosterone, 4,7 whereas in others no alteration in testosterone was associated with hypothyroidism. 6 Elevated, depressed, and normal serum concentrations of LH have been reported in hypothyroid men. 6,7 These inconsistencies are thought to be largely due to lack of carefully controlled studies performed in adequate numbers of adult patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Elevated, depressed, and normal serum concentrations of LH have been reported in hypothyroid men. 6,7 These inconsistencies are thought to be largely due to lack of carefully controlled studies performed in adequate numbers of adult patients. 7 This lack is also evident in the veterinary literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 Current data suggest that if postpuberal hypothyroidism has any affect on seminal, gonadotropin, or gonadal hormone characteristics in men, these effects are not sufficiently intense to be detected by usual clinical laboratory methods, such as were used in this study, and thus have no clinically relevant impact on reproductive performance. 6,7 Although the situation in adult-onset hypothyroidism may be unclear, there seems to be no doubt that the perinatal and prepuberal testis is very sensitive to thyroid hormone and that normal thyroid hormone status during the perinatal period is required for normal testicular development. 7 This study demonstrates that 131 I-induced hypothyroidism does not affect reproductive function in adult male Beagles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This finding is contrary to those of previous reports in people, other species, and other dogs. [1][2][3][4][5][6]8 We acknowledge the problems inherent in the small sample size used in this study. Nevertheless, because the dogs in this study were profoundly and overtly hypothyroid and the study was carefully controlled over a 2-year observation period, it is reasonable to expect an effect on reproductive function to have been evident, if one exists.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common causes of canine hypothyroidism are lymphocytic thyroiditis and idiopathic thyroid atrophy. 1 Hypothyroidism is reported to cause subfertility, poor semen quality, and decreased libido in several species, including people, rats, goats, and dogs, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] but the mechanisms by which this occurs have not been elucidated. Lymphocytic thyroiditis associated with lymphocytic orchitis has been described as an inherited condition in a colony of Beagles.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of 131 I‐Induced Hypothyroidism on Indices of Reproductive Function in Adult Male Dogs

Johnson¹,

Olivier²,

Rf³

et al. 1999

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Hypothyroidism has been cited as a cause of infertility, abnormal semen quality, and poor libido in people and animals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of hypothyroidism on variables indicative of reproductive function in adult male dogs. Nine normal dogs were randomly assigned to 2 groups. Hypothyroidism was induced with 131 I in 6 dogs. Three dogs remained untreated, normal, and euthyroid. Thyroid hormone concentrations, body weight, clinical signs, and reproductive function were determined for each dog every 3 months for 2 years. Reproductive function was assessed by determining daily sperm output, total scrotal width, spermatozoal motility and morphology, libido, and serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone concentration responses to exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone. The 131 I-treated dogs developed clinical and laboratory signs of hypothyroidism. In the hypothyroid dogs, serum concentrations of thyroid hormones were consistently below the reference range and were significantly lower than that in the euthyroid dogs. There was no difference in reproductive function between the hypothyroid and euthyroid dogs. The results of this study show that 131 I-induced hypothyroidism does not affect indices of reproductive function in adult male dogs.Key words: Luteinizing hormone; Scrotal width; Semen; Spermatogenesis; Testosterone.H ypothyroidism is a frequently diagnosed endocrine disorder in dogs. The most common causes of canine hypothyroidism are lymphocytic thyroiditis and idiopathic thyroid atrophy. 1 Hypothyroidism is reported to cause subfertility, poor semen quality, and decreased libido in several species, including people, rats, goats, and dogs, 1-7 but the mechanisms by which this occurs have not been elucidated. Lymphocytic thyroiditis associated with lymphocytic orchitis has been described as an inherited condition in a colony of Beagles. 2 Affected dogs had decreased testicular size and subfertility or sterility. Subnormal fertility and poor semen quality were reported in a colony of Borzois with lymphocytic thyroiditis, but testicular biopsies were not evaluated in those dogs. 8 In both colonies, hypothyroidism did not develop until dogs were Ն2 years old. Lymphocytic thyroiditis and lymphocytic orchitis are considered to be immune-mediated diseases. Whether hypothyroidism causes decreased fertility or whether decreased fertility is a result of lymphocytic orchitis that occurs simultaneously with, but not as a direct result of, lymphocytic thyroiditis is unknown. Whether hypothyroidism in the Beagle and Borzoi colonies is representative of canine hypothyroidism is also not known. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of experimentally induced hypothyroidism on reproductive function in adult male dogs. Materials and Methods Dog Selection and Study DesignNine male Beagles, 11-17 months of age, weighing 10.9-15 kg, were determined to be normal on the basis of physical examination, negative Brucella canis serology, normal libido, normal seminal characteristics...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effect of 131 I‐Induced Hypothyroidism on Indices of Reproductive Function in Adult Male Dogs

Johnson¹,

Olivier²,

Rf³

et al. 1999

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Effects of Dietary Selenium on Sperm Motility in Healthy Men

HAWKES,

TUREK

2001

Journal of Andrology

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A deficiency of dietary selenium leads to immotile, deformed sperm and infertility in rats, whereas supplementation of the diet with selenium compounds has been associated with both beneficial and deleterious effects on sperm function, depending on the chemical form of selenium. We conducted a randomized, controlled, and blinded intervention study on the effects of selenium in food on semen quality. Eleven healthy men were fed a controlled diet of foods naturally high or low in selenium for 120 days while confined in a metabolic research unit. Dietary selenium was 47 μg/d for the first 21 days, then either 13 μg/d or 297 μg/d for 99 days, resulting in significant changes in selenium concentrations in blood and semen. Seminal plasma selenium concentration increased 50% with high selenium and decreased 40% with low selenium. The fraction of motile sperm in the high‐selenium group decreased by 32% by week 13 and ended 18% lower than baseline. Selenium concentrations changed in seminal plasma but not in sperm, and serum androgen concentrations were unchanged in both groups, indicating this effect was neither androgen dependent nor caused by a change in the selenium supply to the testes. Serum triiodothyronine decreased and thyroid‐stimulating hormone increased in the high‐selenium group, suggesting that altered thyroid hormone metabolism may have affected sperm motility. Although this decrease in sperm motility does not necessarily predict decreased fertility, the increasing frequency of selenium supplementation in the healthy population suggests the need for larger studies to more fully assess this potential side effect.

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Adverse effects of neonatal exposure to 3,3′,4,4′,5,5′‐hexachlorobiphenyl on hormone levels and testicular function in male Sprague–Dawley rats

Xiao

Zhang

Liang

et al. 2011

Environmental Toxicology

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In this study, we investigated the time-course changes of hormone levels and sperm numbers in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats after neonatal exposure to 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB169). Neonatal rats were given (through oral gavages) doses of 0, 0.025, 0.25, or 0.5 mg/kg-day of PCB169 in corn oil from postnatal day 1 (PND1) to PND7. The rats were sacrificed at PND8, PND21, and PND90. PCB169 exposure was confirmed by the marked induction of liver CYP1A1 mRNA expression at these three time points. The testicular daily sperm production and the sperm counts of the epididymis cauda significantly decreased at PND90 compared to that of control. Although reductions in serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels occurred at all these three time points and at both PND21 and PND90, respectively, the mRNA expression of testicular thyroid hormone receptor α1 was suppressed significantly only at PND8. The serum and testicular testosterone (T) levels declined markedly at PND90 compared to the controls, but there was no effect at PND21. The mRNA expression of testicular steroidogenic factor 1 was inhibited markedly at the three time points, whereas those of StAR, P450c17, P450scc, and 3β-HSD were suppressed significantly only at PND90 relative to the controls. PCB169 treatment had no effects on pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels and on their receptors' expression in the testes. These results indicate that neonatal exposure to PCB169 damages hormone levels and testicular function in the long-term, resulting in persistent hypothyroidism and decreases in adult T levels and sperm counts.

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Primary Hypothyroidism and Human Spermatogenesis

Cited by 66 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of 131 I‐Induced Hypothyroidism on Indices of Reproductive Function in Adult Male Dogs

Effect of 131 I‐Induced Hypothyroidism on Indices of Reproductive Function in Adult Male Dogs

Effects of Dietary Selenium on Sperm Motility in Healthy Men

Adverse effects of neonatal exposure to 3,3′,4,4′,5,5′‐hexachlorobiphenyl on hormone levels and testicular function in male Sprague–Dawley rats

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