Primary Metabolism in Citrus Fruit as Affected by Its Unique Structure

Sadka, Avi; Shlizerman, Lyudmila; Kamara, Itzhak; Blumwald, Eduardo

doi:10.3389/fpls.2019.01167

Cited by 72 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…GAD is the key gene that controls the conversion from glutamate to GABA in this pathway. Similar to results from citrus fruit, the activation of GABA shunt is also related to increased transcription of GDH, AST, and GS, which is a major route for citrate catabolism (Katz et al, 2011;Sadka et al, 2019). These findings are consistent with our results in ripening durian.…”

Section: Glutamate and Glutamate-derived Metabolic Pathwayssupporting

confidence: 91%

Assessing Dynamic Changes of Taste-Related Primary Metabolism During Ripening of Durian Pulp Using Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses

et al. 2021

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Durian is an economically important fruit of Southeast Asia. There is, however, a lack of in-depth information on the alteration of its metabolic networks during ripening. Here, we annotated 94 ripening-associated metabolites from the pulp of durian cv. Monthong fruit at unripe and ripe stages, using capillary electrophoresis- and gas chromatography- time-of-flight mass spectrometry, specifically focusing on taste-related metabolites. During ripening, sucrose content increased. Change in raffinose-family oligosaccharides are reported herein for the first time. The malate and succinate contents increased, while those of citrate, an abundant organic acid, were unchanged. Notably, most amino acids increased, including isoleucine, leucine, and valine, whereas aspartate decreased, and glutamate was unchanged. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis was performed to analyze the dynamic changes in sugar metabolism, glycolysis, TCA cycle, and amino acid pathways to identify key candidate genes. Taken together, our results elucidate the fundamental taste-related metabolism of durian, which can be exploited to develop durian metabolic and genetic markers in the future.

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Section: Glutamate and Glutamate-derived Metabolic Pathwayssupporting

confidence: 91%

Assessing Dynamic Changes of Taste-Related Primary Metabolism During Ripening of Durian Pulp Using Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses

et al. 2021

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“…In this study, several SUSYs (SUS1/3), vacuolar invertase (bFruct1) and cell wall invertases (INV3/4) were highly expressed in the four fruit tissues, and the expression patterns of these genes were changed with fruit development (Figure S6a). This result indicates that Phloem unloading is the key translocation point for sugar accumulation in sink tissue, which is regulated by symplasmic and apoplasmic pathways (Sadka et al, 2019). In the apoplasmic pathway, the transmembrane transport of sucrose is catalysed by various sugar transporters (Aoki et al, 2003).…”

Section: Identification Of Key Genes Involved In Sucrose Accumulation In Citrus Fruitmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Sucrose directly accumulates in citrus fruit and is stored in the vacuoles of juice sacs (JSs) cells and mainly translocated from leaves (Sadka et al ., 2019). The sugar post‐phloem transport is the rate‐limiting step (Koch and Avigne, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, seedless citrus fruit can be divided into four tissues: epicarp (EP; referred to as the flavedo), albedo (AL; the spongy white part of the peel), segment membrane (SM; referred to as the segment epidermis, which covers the carpel and JS) and JS (stores a large number of nutritional components beneficial to health) (Sadka et al ., 2019). In this study, we chose a navel orange variety (seedless) ‘Fengjie 72‐1’ ( Citrus sinensis ) as the research material, and the EP, AL, SM and JS tissues of this variety can be easily obtained via manual dissection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High‐spatiotemporal‐resolution transcriptomes provide insights into fruit development and ripening in Citrus sinensis

Feng

et al. 2021

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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Citrus fruit has a unique structure with soft leathery peel and pulp containing vascular bundles and several segments with many juice sacs. The function and morphology of each fruit tissue are different. Therefore, analysis at the organ-wide or mixed-tissue level inevitably obscures many tissue-specific phenomena. High-throughput RNA sequencing was used to profile Citrus sinensis fruit development based on four fruit tissue types and six development stages from young fruits to ripe fruits. Using a coexpression network analysis, modules of coexpressed genes and hub genes of tissue-specific networks were identified. Of particular, importance is the discovery of the regulatory network of phytohormones during citrus fruit development and ripening. A model was proposed to illustrate how ABF2 mediates the ABA signalling involved in sucrose transport, chlorophyll degradation, auxin homoeostasis, carotenoid and ABA biosynthesis, and cell wall metabolism during citrus fruit development. Moreover, we depicted the detailed spatiotemporal expression patterns of the genes involved in sucrose and citric acid metabolism in citrus fruit and identified several key genes that may play crucial roles in sucrose and citric acid accumulation in the juice sac, such as SWEET15 and CsPH8. The high spatial and temporal resolution of our data provides important insights into the molecular networks underlying citrus fruit development and ripening.

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“…5B) (gene and GO list in Supplementary Table S5). Sugar and acid metabolism processes have been shown to be related to the fruit flavor [69][70][71][72] . Therefore, OGCs significantly expanded in H. undatus have likely contributed to the dragon fruit maturity and ripening or its unique nutrition and flavor.…”

Section: The Draft Genome Of H Undatus Contains 11 Long Scaffolds Atmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chromosome-level genome of dragon fruit reveals whole-genome duplication and chromosomal co-localization of betacyanin biosynthetic genes

Zheng

Meinhardt²,

Goenaga³

et al. 2021

Hortic Res

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Dragon fruits are tropical fruits economically important for agricultural industries. As members of the family of Cactaceae, they have evolved to adapt to the arid environment. Here we report the draft genome of Hylocereus undatus, commercially known as the white-fleshed dragon fruit. The chromosomal level genome assembly contains 11 longest scaffolds corresponding to the 11 chromosomes of H. undatus. Genome annotation of H. undatus found ~29,000 protein-coding genes, similar to Carnegiea gigantea (saguaro). Whole-genome duplication (WGD) analysis revealed a WGD event in the last common ancestor of Cactaceae followed by extensive genome rearrangements. The divergence time between H. undatus and C. gigantea was estimated to be 9.18 MYA. Functional enrichment analysis of orthologous gene clusters (OGCs) in six Cactaceae plants found significantly enriched OGCs in drought resistance. Fruit flavor-related functions were overrepresented in OGCs that are significantly expanded in H. undatus. The H. undatus draft genome also enabled the discovery of carbohydrate and plant cell wall-related functional enrichment in dragon fruits treated with trypsin for a longer storage time. Lastly, genes of the betacyanin (a red-violet pigment and antioxidant with a very high concentration in dragon fruits) biosynthetic pathway were found to be co-localized on a 12 Mb region of one chromosome. The consequence may be a higher efficiency of betacyanin biosynthesis, which will need experimental validation in the future. The H. undatus draft genome will be a great resource to study various cactus plants.

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Primary Metabolism in Citrus Fruit as Affected by Its Unique Structure

Cited by 72 publications

References 131 publications

Assessing Dynamic Changes of Taste-Related Primary Metabolism During Ripening of Durian Pulp Using Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses

Assessing Dynamic Changes of Taste-Related Primary Metabolism During Ripening of Durian Pulp Using Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses

High‐spatiotemporal‐resolution transcriptomes provide insights into fruit development and ripening in Citrus sinensis

The chromosome-level genome of dragon fruit reveals whole-genome duplication and chromosomal co-localization of betacyanin biosynthetic genes

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