Primary osteoclast-like giant cell tumor of parotid gland: A rare extraskeletal presentation with diagnostic challenges

Singh, Ritika; Zaheer, Sufian; Mandal, Ashish Kumar

doi:10.4103/0973-029x.185903

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…"De novo" GCTB-like lesions show clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical characteristics (epithelial markers are generally negative) similar to those of primary GCTB, and surgical resection is generally curative [75,[77][78][79][80][81]. Although very rare, malignant GCTB-like tumors with no epithelial differentiation have been reported, and the prognosis of these cases is poor [80].…”

Section: Giant Cell Tumor Of the Bone-like Histology In Parenchymatous Organs (De Novo Or Accompanied Benign Borderline/low-grade Epithelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteoclasts in Tumor Biology: Metastasis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Myeloid Transition

Behzatoğlu

2021

Pathol. Oncol. Res.

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Osteoclast is a specialized cell that originates from monocytic lineage, communicates closely with osteoblasts under physiological conditions, participates in bone modeling and re-modeling, contributes to calcium homeostasis and osteoimmunity. In pathological conditions, it is involved in many tumors such as giant cell bone tumor (osteoclastoma), aneurysmal bone cyst, osteosarcoma, and metastatic cancers, and it usually causes local spread and progression of the tumor, working against the host. Since osteoclasts play an active role in primary bone tumors and bone metastases, the use of anti-osteoclastic agents significantly reduces the mortality and morbidity rates of patients by preventing the progression and local spread of tumors. Osteoclasts also accompany undifferentiated carcinomas of many organs, especially pancreas, thyroid, bladder and ovary. Undifferentiated carcinomas rich in osteoclasts have osteoclastoma-like histology. In these organs, osteoclastoma-like histology may accompany epithelial carcinomas, and de novo, benign and borderline tumors. Mature and immature myeloid cells, including osteoclasts, play an active role in the tumor progression in primary and metastatic tumor microenvironment, in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), mesenchymal-epithelial-transition (MET), and cancer stem cell formation. Additionally, they are the most suitable candidates for cancer cells in cell fusion due to their evolutionary fusion capabilities. Myeloid features and markers (CD163, CD33, CD68 etc.) can be seen in metastatic cancer cells. Consequently, they provide metastatic cancer cells with motility, margination, transmigration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, angiogenesis, matrix degradation, and resistance to chemotherapy. For these reasons, we think that the concept of Epithelial-Mesencyhmal-Myeloid-Transition (EMMT) will be more accurate than EMT for cancer cells with myeloid properties.

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Section: Giant Cell Tumor Of the Bone-like Histology In Parenchymatous Organs (De Novo Or Accompanied Benign Borderline/low-grade Epithelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteoclasts in Tumor Biology: Metastasis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Myeloid Transition

Behzatoğlu

2021

Pathol. Oncol. Res.

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“…In contrast, GCT of the parotid (GCTP) is an uncommon tumor with rare, but documented malignant potential that was initially reported in 1984 . Fine needle aspiration of giant cell tumors of the parotid as well as their malignant counterparts have been rarely reported . The similar cytologic features of GCT of TMJ origin and GCTP as well as the proximity in anatomic location of these two entities makes subtyping by aspiration cytology alone impossible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Fine needle aspiration of giant cell tumors of the parotid as well as their malignant counterparts have been rarely reported. [11][12][13][14][15][16] The similar cytologic features of GCT of TMJ origin and GCTP as well as the proximity in anatomic location of these two entities makes subtyping by aspiration cytology alone impossible. Potential clinical consequences result when inaccurate imaging studies lead to incorrect assumptions of the tumor's origin at the time of cytologic interpretation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giant cell tumor of temporomandibular joint presenting as a parotid tumor: Challenges in the accurate subclassification of giant cell tumors in an unusual location

Ren

Mueller²,

Kraft

et al. 2017

Diagnostic Cytopathology

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Fine needle aspiration is frequently used as the initial diagnostic procedure in the work-up of head and neck lesions, including soft tissue masses and salivary gland neoplasms. Giant cell tumors (GCTs), both osseous and extraosseous, are benign tumors that occur, albeit rarely, in the head and neck region. Extraosseous GCTs may be further classified based on their tissue of origin and specific anatomic location. Regardless of location, giant cell tumors are morphologically similar and share cytologic and histologic diagnostic criteria. Evaluation of imaging is therefore essential to the correct classification of these tumors. Accurate diagnosis is crucial since the clinical behavior and treatment is significantly different among the subtypes of GCTs. The case presented herein illustrates the diagnostic dilemma between two uncommon entities in an unusual site: GCT of parotid gland and tenosynovial GCT.

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Salivary Glands

Gnepp¹,

Skálová²,

Palma³

et al. 2021

Gnepp's Diagnostic Surgical Pathology of the Head and Neck

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Primary osteoclast-like giant cell tumor of parotid gland: A rare extraskeletal presentation with diagnostic challenges

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Osteoclasts in Tumor Biology: Metastasis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Myeloid Transition

Osteoclasts in Tumor Biology: Metastasis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Myeloid Transition

Giant cell tumor of temporomandibular joint presenting as a parotid tumor: Challenges in the accurate subclassification of giant cell tumors in an unusual location

Salivary Glands

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