Primary productivity of natural grass ecosystems of the tropics: A reappraisal

Long, S. P.; Moya, E. Garcia; Imbamba, S. K.; Kamnalrut, A.; Piedade, Maria Teresa Fernandez; Scurlock, J. M. O.; Shen, Yaoguo; Hall, D.O.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-1021-8_2

Cited by 34 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…) compared favourably with ranges measured elsewhere (Pa. maximum 337-430 g m -2 from Mexico, Kenya and Thailand, Long et al (1989); Pt. arachnoideum 170-1408 g m -2 from the UK (Marrs & Watt 2006), and 45-1461 g m -2 from New Zealand (Bray 1991 the 24 months; however, this masked differences between the two study years, with no significant difference in year 1 but a highly significant difference in year 2.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…There was no significant difference in biomass throughout the study, and all differences were found in Productivity values are more difficult to relate to literature values because of methodological issues. The NAGPP of 3953 g m -2 yr -1 for Pa. maximum is lower than the 6300 g m -2 yr -1 obtained from grassland near Manaus in Brazil (Long et al 1989). Few productivity estimates have been made for Pt.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

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Variation in aboveground biomass and necromass of two invasive species in the Atlantic rainforest, southeast Brazil

et al. 2009

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RESUMO -(Variação da biomassa e necromassa aérea de duas espécies invasoras na Floresta Atlântica, sudeste do Brasil). Este trabalho descreve a variação da biomassa e necromassa aérea, e da produção primária líquida (NAGPP) de duas espécies invasoras Panicum maximum Jacquin (Poaceae) e Pteridium arachnoideum (Kaulf.) Maxon. (Dennstaedtiaceae) em duas áreas da Reserva Biológica de Poço das Antas, no sudeste brasileiro. As duas espécies eram mono-dominantes nestas áreas, ambas localizadas na matriz entre fragmentos florestais. A matéria orgânica foi amostrada mensalmente durante dois anos, separada em biomassa e necromassa e a produção aérea primária líquida (NAGPP) foi calculada. Houve variação intra-sazonal bem marcada, para ambas as espécies; Pa. maximum geralmente apresentou os maiores valores para biomassa, necromassa, massa total e NAGPP (NAGPP, Pa. maximum = 3953 g m -2 ano -1 , Pt. arachnoideum = 2667 g m -2 ano -1 ). A NAGPP não variou entre as duas estações de crescimento para Pa. maximum, porém estas diferenças foram acentuadas para Pt. arachnoideum (2% comparados aos 44% de variação em relação a média). A segunda estação de crescimento foi mais seca e Pa. maximum produziu maior quantidade de necromassa do que na primeira estação de crescimento; Pteridium mostrou pouca variação sazonal de biomassa, mas uma maior produtividade na segunda estação de crescimento. Pteridium arachnoideum é aparentemente mais sensível ao clima, especialmente em relação à pluviosidade. Palavras-chave: fogo, Panicum maximum, plantas invasoras, Pteridium arachnoideumABSTRACT -(Variation in aboveground biomass and necromass of two invasive species in the Atlantic Rain Forest, Southeast Brazil). This paper describes the variation of the above-ground biomass, necromass, and net above-ground primary production (NAGPP) of two weed species, Panicum maximum Jacquin (Poaceae) and Pteridium arachnoideum (Kaulf.) Maxon. (Dennstaedtiaceae), at two sites in the Poço das Antas Biological Reserve, southeast Brazil. Both species form mono-dominant stands in the matrix surrounding forest fragments. The organic matter was sampled monthly from each site, separated into biomass and necromass, and net above-ground primary production (NAGPP) was calculated. There was marked intra-seasonal fluctuation for both species; Pa. maximum generally had the largest values for necromass, total mass and NAGPP (NAGPP, Pa. maximum = 3953 g.m -2 .y -1 , Pt. arachnoideum = 2667 g.m -2 .y -1 ). NAGPP did not vary between the two growth periods for Pa. maximum, but marked differences were found for Pt. arachnoideum (2% compared to 44% variation around the mean). The second growth year was drier and Pa. maximum produced much greater necromass in that year; Pt. arachnoideum showed little variation in biomass but much greater productivity in the drier second season. Pteridium arachnoideum appears to be more sensitive to climate, and especially rainfall.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Variation in aboveground biomass and necromass of two invasive species in the Atlantic rainforest, southeast Brazil

et al. 2009

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“…This includes a growing understanding of the inherent complexity of savanna systems, and the extent that savannas depend on complex interactions of climatic and edaphic factors, and disturbance from both fire and herbivory (Sankaran et al 2005(Sankaran et al , 2008. Globally, the tropical savannas are the second largest biome, extending over 15 9 10 6 km 2 (Long et al 1989;Melillo et al 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alien plant invasions in tropical and sub-tropical savannas: patterns, processes and prospects

et al. 2010

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Biological invasions affect virtually all ecosystems on earth, but the degree to which different regions and biomes are invaded, and the quality of information from different regions, varies greatly. A large body of literature exists on the invasion of savannas in the Neotropics and northern Australia where invasive plants, especially African grasses, have had major impacts. Less has been published on plant invasions in African savannas, except for those in South Africa. Negative impacts due to plant invasions in African savannas appear to be less severe than in other regions at present. As savannas cover about 60% of the continent, with tens of millions of people relying on the services they provide, it is timely to assess the current status of invasions as a threat to these ecosystems. We reviewed the literature, contrasting the African situation with that of Neotropical and Australian savannas. A number of drivers and explanatory factors of plant invasions in savannas have been described, mostly from the Neotropics and Australia. These include herbivore presence, residence time, intentional introductions for pasture improvements, fire regimes, the physiology of the introduced species, and anthropogenic disturbance. After comparing these drivers across the three regions, we suggest that the lower extent of alien plant invasions in African savannas is largely attributable to: (1) significantly lower rates of intentional plant introductions and widespread plantings (until recently); (2) the role of large mammalian herbivores in these ecosystems; (3) historical and biogeographical issues relating to the regions of origin of introduced species; and (4) the adaptation of African systems to fire. We discuss how changing conditions in the three regions are likely to affect plant invasions in the future.

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“…Historically techniques for estimating biomass and productivity in savannas have www.intechopen.com undergone refinement with time by an enhancement in the number of parameters taken into consideration to improve accuracy. The technique employed can lead to almost five-fold variation in the estimate of tropical grassland production (Long et al, 1989). The bulk of studies especially prior to the extensive International Biological Programme (IBP) studies of the 1970's (Sigh & Joshi, 1979) based estimations of net above-ground production on the peak standing dry matter alone and can be referred to as 'peak biomass' methods.…”

Section: Paucity In Ecosystem Productivity Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The question that arises is 'can invasive species in savannas play a role in carbon sequestering?' The tropical savannas are important in carbon sequestration at the global scale because not only are they remarkably productive being responsible for almost 30% of global net primary production (NPP), they are also the second largest biome of the world extending over 15 x 106 km 2 (Grace et al, 2006;Long et al, 1989). The carbon sequestered in savanna ecosystems is estimated to average 7.2 t C ha -1 year -1 .…”

Section: Carbon Sequestering Potential Of Invasive Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive Plant Species and Biomass Production in Savannas

Mworia¹

2011

Biomass and Remote Sensing of Biomass

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Primary productivity of natural grass ecosystems of the tropics: A reappraisal

Cited by 34 publications

References 11 publications

Variation in aboveground biomass and necromass of two invasive species in the Atlantic rainforest, southeast Brazil

Variation in aboveground biomass and necromass of two invasive species in the Atlantic rainforest, southeast Brazil

Alien plant invasions in tropical and sub-tropical savannas: patterns, processes and prospects

Invasive Plant Species and Biomass Production in Savannas

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