Primary productivity of the Palmer Long Term Ecological Research Area and the Southern Ocean

Smith, Raymond C.; Baker, Karen S.; Byers, Michael; Stammerjohn, Sharon

doi:10.1016/s0924-7963(98)00041-4

Cited by 46 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Primary production in the WAP area follows closely the distribution of phytoplankton biomass measured as chlorophyll a (chl-a) concentration, and published values show a wide range of spatial and temporal variability (Smith et al, 1996a(Smith et al, , 1998aMoline and Prezelin, 1996). Concentrations are greatest nearshore with an onshore/offshore gradient of decreasing biomass towards the continental slope that follows a gradient in bottom topography and physical and optical properties (Smith et al, 1996a(Smith et al, , 1998c.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…With the addition of more SeaWiFS data (and hence a longer satellite time series) we would like to investigate next the production of the various biogeochemical provinces, estimate their space/time variability and then sum these results to provide both Southern Ocean regional and total estimates of productivity. Preliminary estimates, making use of this multi-scale methodology (Smith et al, 1998a;Dierssen, 2000), give values between 2.1 to 2.7 ϫ 10 15 g C yr Ϫ1 for the Southern Ocean (defined as non-ice covered area south of 50ЊS and north of the Antarctic continent). Previously published results (Ryther, 1963;Currie, 1964;El-Sayed, 1968;Holm-Hansen et al, 1977;Berger et al, 1987;Treguer and Jacques, 1992;Longhurst et al, 1995;Antoine et al, 1996;Behrenfeld and Falkowski, 1997;Smith et al, 1998a) range from 0.6 to 8.3 ϫ 10 15 g C yr Ϫ1 for the SO.…”

Section: Spatial and Temporal Variability Based On Satellite Observatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preliminary estimates, making use of this multi-scale methodology (Smith et al, 1998a;Dierssen, 2000), give values between 2.1 to 2.7 ϫ 10 15 g C yr Ϫ1 for the Southern Ocean (defined as non-ice covered area south of 50ЊS and north of the Antarctic continent). Previously published results (Ryther, 1963;Currie, 1964;El-Sayed, 1968;Holm-Hansen et al, 1977;Berger et al, 1987;Treguer and Jacques, 1992;Longhurst et al, 1995;Antoine et al, 1996;Behrenfeld and Falkowski, 1997;Smith et al, 1998a) range from 0.6 to 8.3 ϫ 10 15 g C yr Ϫ1 for the SO. Clearly, the wide range in published estimates, along with the large spatial and temporal variability we observe, hinders our ability to define a ''typical'' biomass regime for the WAP region, much less for the SO as a whole.…”

Section: Spatial and Temporal Variability Based On Satellite Observatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability of Primary Production in an Antarctic Marine Ecosystem as Estimated Using a Multi-scale Sampling Strategy

Smith¹,

Baker²,

Dierssen³

et al. 2001

Am Zool

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SYNOPSIS. A major objective of the multidisciplinary Palmer Long Term Ecological Research (LTER)program is to obtain a comprehensive understanding of various components of the Antarctic marine ecosystem-the assemblage of plants, animals, ocean, sea ice, and island components south of the Antarctic Convergence. Phytoplankton production plays a key role in this polar ecosystem, and factors that regulate production include those that control cell growth (light, temperature, nutrients) and those that control cell accumulation rate and hence population growth (water column stability, advection, grazing, and sinking). Several of these factors are mediated by the annual advance and retreat of sea ice. In this study, we examine the results from nearly a decade (1991-2000) of ecological research in the western Antarctic Peninsula region. We evaluate the spatial and temporal variability of phytoplankton biomass (estimated as chlorophyll-a concentration) and primary production (determined in-situ aboard ship as well as estimated from ocean color satellite data). We also present the spatial and temporal variability of sea ice extent (estimated from passive microwave satellite data). While the data record is relatively short from a long-term perspective, evidence is accumulating that statistically links the variability in sea ice to the variability in primary production. Even though this marine ecosystem displays extreme interannual variability in both phytoplankton biomass and primary production, persistent spatial patterns have been observed over the many years of study (e.g., an on to offshore gradient in biomass and a growing season characterized by episodic phytoplankton blooms). This high interannual variability at the base of the food chain influences organisms at all trophic levels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Spatial and Temporal Variability Based On Satellite Observatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spatial and Temporal Variability Based On Satellite Observatmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Variability of Primary Production in an Antarctic Marine Ecosystem as Estimated Using a Multi-scale Sampling Strategy

Smith¹,

Baker²,

Dierssen³

et al. 2001

Am Zool

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“…Productivity in the Southern Ocean is characterized by large-scale spatial and temporal variability [78,170,171]. This makes it difficult to filter out UV-B-specific effects from other variable environmental effects [77], or to estimate the impact on single species or whole phytoplankton communities [172,173].…”

Section: The Antarctic Aquatic Ecosystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects on aquatic ecosystems

Häder

Kumar

Smith

et al. 1998

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

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334

160

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Regarding the effects of UV-B radiation on aquatic ecosystems, recent scientific and public interest has focused on marine primary producers and on the aquatic web, which has resulted in a multitude of studies indicating mostly detrimental effects of UV-B radiation on aquatic organisms. The interest has expanded to include ecologically significant groups and major biomass producers using mesocosm studies, emphasizing species interactions. This paper assesses the effects of UV-B radiation on dissolved organic matter, decomposers, primary and secondary producers, and briefly summarizes recent studies in freshwater and marine systems.Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) are degradation products of living organisms. These substances are of importance in the cycling of carbon in aquatic ecosystems. UV-B radiation has been found to break down high-molecular-weight substances and make them available to bacterial degradation. In addition, DOC is responsible for short-wavelength absorption in the water column. Especially in coastal areas and freshwater ecosystems, penetration of solar radiation is limited by high concentrations of dissolved and particulate matter. On the other hand, climate warming and acidification result in faster degradation of these substances and thus enhance the penetration of UV radiation into the water column.Several research groups have investigated light penetration into the water column. Past studies on UV penetration into the water column were based on temporally and spatially scattered measurements. The process of spectral attenuation of radiant energy in natural waters is well understood and straightforward to model. Less known is the spatial and temporal variability of in-water optical properties influencing UV attenuation and there are few long-term observations. In Europe, this deficiency of measurements is being corrected by a project involving the development of a monitoring system (ELDONET) for solar radiation using three-channel dosimeters (UV-A, UV-B, PAR) that are being installed from Abisko (North Sweden, 688N, 198E) to Tenerife (Canary Islands, 278N, 178W). Some of the instruments have been installed in the water column (North Sea, Baltic Sea, Kattegat, East and Western Mediterranean, North Atlantic), establishing the first network of underwater dosimeters for continuous monitoring.Bacteria play a vital role in mineralization of organic matter and provide a trophic link to higher organisms. New techniques have substantially changed our perception of the role of bacteria in aquatic ecosystems over the recent past and bacterioplankton productivity is far greater than previously thought, having high division and turnover rates. It has been shown that bacterioplankton play a central role in the carbon flux in aquatic ecosystems by taking up DOC and remineralizing the carbon. Bacterioplankton are more prone to UV-B stress than larger eukaryotic organisms and, based on one study, produce about double the amount of cyclobutane dimers. Recently, th...

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“…) during a limited growing season of about 150−180 d (Smith et al 1998). These high rates are often observed along the retreating sea ice edge in spring, where there are ample macronutrients and water column stability, the latter influencing light availability (Mitchell & Holm-Hansen 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of continental shelf canyons on phytoplankton biomass and community composition along the western Antarctic Peninsula

Kavanaugh¹,

Abdala²,

Ducklow³

et al. 2015

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Primary productivity of the Palmer Long Term Ecological Research Area and the Southern Ocean

Cited by 46 publications

References 59 publications

Variability of Primary Production in an Antarctic Marine Ecosystem as Estimated Using a Multi-scale Sampling Strategy

Variability of Primary Production in an Antarctic Marine Ecosystem as Estimated Using a Multi-scale Sampling Strategy

Effects on aquatic ecosystems

Effect of continental shelf canyons on phytoplankton biomass and community composition along the western Antarctic Peninsula

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