Primary Soil Contaminants and Their Risks, and Their Relationship to Myocardial Infarction Susceptibility in Urban Krakow (Poland)

Ciarkowska, Krystyna; Konduracka, Ewa; Gambuś, Florian

doi:10.1007/s12403-021-00431-7

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Elevated salinity can also lead to the release of previously adsorbed HMs and enhance their transport to the surrounding area [56,57]. HMs accumulating in the roadside belt or moving into agroecosystems are extremely dangerous due to the possibility of their secondary activation and bioaccumulation in human, plant, and animal tissues [58,59]. At the same time, it should be emphasized that the determined contents of Cd and Pb did not exceed the lowest permissible contents, causing risks of particular importance for the protection of the Earth's surface specified in the Regulation of the Minister of Environment of 1 September 2016 [60].…”

Section: Effect Of Distance From Road Edgementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Constraints on the Ecobiochemical Status of Cultivated Soils along Transportation Routes

Zawierucha

Zawierucha²,

Futa

et al. 2023

Toxics

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There is a lack of studies on the impact of COVID-19-related population mobility and freight transport restrictions on the soil environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of automotive pollution on selected parameters describing the quality and healthiness of crop soils based on results obtained before the pandemic (2017–2019) in relation to data from the pandemic period (2020–2021). The study included soils from six cultivated fields located in eastern Poland along national roads (DK No. 74 and 82) and provincial roads (DW No. 761 and 835). Soil samples were taken from distances of 5, 20, 50, and 100 m from the edge of the roadway. The following soil characteristics were determined: pHKCl, content of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and activity of the three enzymes dehydrogenases (ADh), neutral phosphatase (APh), and urease (AU). The degree of traffic-generated soil pollution was assessed by determining the samples’ total cadmium and lead levels (Cd and Pb) and total content of 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Σ14PAHs). The monitoring of cultivated soils showed that the parameters of cultivated soils varied primarily according to the distance from the edge of the roadway. There was an increase in soil acidity and TOC and TN content and a decrease in Cd, Pb, and Σ14PAHs as one moved away from the edge of the roadway. The highest ADh and APh values were found in soils located 100 m from the edge of the road. AU at 5 m and 20 m from the edge of the pavement was significantly higher than at 100 m away. The reduction in vehicular traffic associated with the pandemic did not affect the changes in the reaction of the studied soils and their TOC, TN, and Pb contents. The lowest content of Σ14PAHs was found in 2020. In the case of the amount of Cd in soils, a downward effect was also observed in 2020. However, no significant differences were noted, except for the soils in Skorzeszyce and Łuszczów Kolonia. The reduced influx of xenobiotics into the soil environment stimulated ADh and APh. In the following year (2021), the amounts of tested xenobiotics and enzyme activities in the soils were at a similar level to those in 2019. The results indicate a positive but short-term effect of the pandemic on reducing the contamination of soils located along transportation routes.

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Section: Effect Of Distance From Road Edgementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Constraints on the Ecobiochemical Status of Cultivated Soils along Transportation Routes

Zawierucha

Zawierucha²,

Futa

et al. 2023

Toxics

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show abstract

“…In addition, the documented carcinogenic effect of excessive amounts of PAHs [1,3] have been noted. Ciarkowska et al [30] recently indicated that the amounts of PAHs estimated in the urban soils of the central and industrial areas of Krakow were, at least partly, responsible for an observed increase in myocardial infarction incidences in the habitants of these areas as a result of chronic exposure.…”

Section: Pah Accumulation and The Environmental Risks They Posementioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Sources and Vertical Distribution in Soils of the Age-Diverse Brownfields of Southern Poland Using Positive Matrix Factorisation and Data Mining Model

2022

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In this study, we aimed at understanding a relation between PAH accumulation in the soils of brownfields that differed in origin (i.e., waste after coal mining, power plant, zinc–lead- or iron-ore processing) and age (400 years old to present). PAH contents were determined after their extraction with 2-propanol using a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a flame ionisation detector (FID) and a FactorFour VF-5MS capillary column. Sources of PAHs were identified using positive matrix factorisation (PMF). In regard to the relevance of the variables that helped explain the PAH accumulation, a random forest (RF) method was used. PMF analysis highlighted the connection of PAH sources with the industrial activity performed in the area. PAH concentrations increased with the age of tailings, but always exceeded the threshold-effect levels, indicating their potential to cause harm to humans. The RF method showed that for 2–3-ring PAHs the most important factor was the carbon content followed by clay, site, depth, pH, and then nitrogen, while for other PAHs, only the N content and depth exceeded 50% importance. PAHs’ vertical distributions reflected the history and the time passing from the brownfield site formation. Severe contamination of the brownfield soils indicates the necessity for remediation measures, especially where there are plans to build on these areas.

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“…Both PAHs and HMs are of increasing concern in urban soils (Huang et al 2021 ; Peng et al 2013 ), where their accumulation has detrimental effects on plant growth and results in secondary pollution of water systems (Zhang et al 2019a ). Local populations are exposed to risk through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact of HMs and PAHs (Ciarkowska et al 2021 ), with chronic exposure leading to accumulation in various tissues and organs that may cause long-term damage to nervous, endocrine, and immune systems, as well as effects on metabolism (Kim et al 2013 ; Mallah et al 2022 ). An understanding of synchronous PAHs and HMs contamination in urban soil is therefore of particular significance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Insights into Source Apportionment and Source-Specific Health Risks of Potential Pollutants in Urban Park Soils on the Karst Plateau, SW China

Liang

Zhu

et al. 2023

Expo Health

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) pose risks to environmental and human health. Identification of priority control contaminants is important in guiding the management and control of these synchronous pollutants. A total of 247 soil samples were collected from 64 urban parks in the karst plateau city of Guiyang in SW China to determine the concentrations, spatial distributions, and health risks of PAHs and HMs. The results indicate that dibenz(ah)anthracene and benzo(a)pyrene are the main PAHs species of high ecological risk, and Cr, Mn, and Ni pose elevated ecological risk among the HMs. Four sources were identified for PAHs (biomass burning, coke oven, traffic sources, and coal burning) and HMs (traffic sources, coal burning, industrial sources, and natural sources). The non-carcinogenic risk (NCR) and total carcinogenic risk (TCR) of PAHs were all determined to be negligible and at acceptable levels, several orders of magnitude below those of HMs. The NCR and TCR values of HMs were relatively high, especially for children (11.9% of NCR > 1; 79.1% of TCR > 10 −4 ). Coal burning and natural sources make the greatest contributions to the NCR and TCR values from karst park soils in Guiyang. Considering HMs bioavailability, NCR and TCR values were rather low, due to the high residual HM fractions. Integrated insights into source specific ecological and human health risk indicate future directions for management and control of synchronous PAH and HM pollution, particularly for karst plateau areas. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12403-023-00534-3.

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Primary Soil Contaminants and Their Risks, and Their Relationship to Myocardial Infarction Susceptibility in Urban Krakow (Poland)

Cited by 5 publications

References 42 publications

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Constraints on the Ecobiochemical Status of Cultivated Soils along Transportation Routes

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Constraints on the Ecobiochemical Status of Cultivated Soils along Transportation Routes

Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Sources and Vertical Distribution in Soils of the Age-Diverse Brownfields of Southern Poland Using Positive Matrix Factorisation and Data Mining Model

Integrated Insights into Source Apportionment and Source-Specific Health Risks of Potential Pollutants in Urban Park Soils on the Karst Plateau, SW China

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