Primary structure of proteins as a nanowire for metabolic electronic transport

Abstract

It is considered that the major process in an organism is the synthesis of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules (its resumption from the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) molecules). These molecules are the basic (if not unique) energy resource of an organism. For the completion of process of the ATP synthesis in mitochondria, it is necessary to transfer to it a pair of electrons from places where electrons rise up as a result of oxidizing processes. Research of mechanisms of such transfer is important therefore, in particular, from the point of regulative influence on them in medical aims. Various proteins, the primary structure of which can provide the transport of electrons between donors and acceptors, saturate a volume and membranes of cages. A question about a possibility to examine this primary structure of proteins as a nanowire of a semiconductor nature is analyzed. The possibility of active transport of electrons through its conductivity band is analyzed also. In this paper, it was shown that a heterogeneous protein system is possible to be considered as a semiconductor with an average-nitrogen nuclear subsystem and with an average-oxygen electronic subsystem. Also, it was shown that in the potential energy of interaction between the electron and the nuclear subsystem indeed exists non-compensated contributions. These contributions are related to the radicals and provide the active transport of electrons along the primary structure of protein molecules. It was demonstrated also that external fields can have local regulative influence on the transport of electron in proteins by compensating the remaining field or strengthening it. Fulfilled analysis gives a possibility in zero approximation of the application of representation of numbers of filling to the protein molecule, considering it as the nanowire.

Some Aspects of Generalized Dynamics of Quasiparticles in Crystals with Unit Cell of Arbitrary Complexity

“…The vectors n and l determine the spatial position of a separate atom or molecule. The factor n is an unknown part of the wave function of the electronic subsystem of a crystal and is determined by the condition of dynamical minimization of functional (1) [4,16]. The eigenvalue (k) is determined simultaneously with n .…”

“…The matrix element n,n+l determines the energy of the resonant exchange interaction. These elements are determined in details in [16,17]. The condition of dynamical minimization of functional (1) is equivalent to the procedure of reduction to the diagonal type of the operator proper to (1) [5].…”

“…Here, two circumstances were taken into account [16]. First, the matrix elements n,n+l under the conditions of ideal crystal depend only on the difference of lower indices.…”

“…Here, the index determines the Cartesian components of the corresponding values. In [16], it was shown that this is indeed a mechanical momentum, inasmuch as determined by the equality: ( ) (k) = (k) (k). As is obvious from the last equation, the momentum P differs from a momentum P, at least, by two circumstances: by the determination and the different relation to the mass.…”

“…Here, we want to focus our attention on that the dynamical Dirac model is universal for any points of the k-space (except for the points of extrema) and for any crystals, but not only for graphenes in vicinities of the points ∼ /2. For clarity of the presentation of this problem, we have to give briefly some of the main aspects of the dynamical description of quasiparticles, which were discussed in [16] in detail.…”