No abstract

It is considered that the major process in an organism is the synthesis of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules (its resumption from the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) molecules). These molecules are the basic (if not unique) energy resource of an organism. For the completion of process of the ATP synthesis in mitochondria, it is necessary to transfer to it a pair of electrons from places where electrons rise up as a result of oxidizing processes. Research of mechanisms of such transfer is important therefore, in particular, from the point of regulative influence on them in medical aims. Various proteins, the primary structure of which can provide the transport of electrons between donors and acceptors, saturate a volume and membranes of cages. A question about a possibility to examine this primary structure of proteins as a nanowire of a semiconductor nature is analyzed. The possibility of active transport of electrons through its conductivity band is analyzed also. In this paper, it was shown that a heterogeneous protein system is possible to be considered as a semiconductor with an average-nitrogen nuclear subsystem and with an average-oxygen electronic subsystem. Also, it was shown that in the potential energy of interaction between the electron and the nuclear subsystem indeed exists non-compensated contributions. These contributions are related to the radicals and provide the active transport of electrons along the primary structure of protein molecules. It was demonstrated also that external fields can have local regulative influence on the transport of electron in proteins by compensating the remaining field or strengthening it. Fulfilled analysis gives a possibility in zero approximation of the application of representation of numbers of filling to the protein molecule, considering it as the nanowire.

An α-helical region of protein molecule was considered in a model of nanotube. The molecule is in conditions of quantum excitations. Such model corresponds to a one-dimensional molecular nanocrystal with three molecules in an elementary cell at the presence of excitation. For the analysis of different types of conformational response of the α-helical area of the protein molecule on excitation, the nonlinear response of this area to the intramolecular quantum excitation caused by hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is taken into account. It has been established that in the simplest case, three types of excitation are realized. As estimates show, each of them ‘serves’ different kinds of protein. The symmetrical type of excitation, most likely, is realized in the reduction of traversal-striped skeletal muscles. It has the highest excitation energy. This well protects from casual actions. Antisymmetric excitations have intermediate energy (between symmetrical and asymmetrical). They, most likely, are realized in membranous and nucleic proteins. It is shown that the conformational response of the α-helical region of the protein is (in angstroms) a quantity of order N c /5, where N c is the number of spiral turns. For the number of turns typical in this case: N c  ~ 10, displacement compounds are a quantity of order 2 Å. It qualitatively corresponds to observable values. Asymmetrical excitations have the lowest energy. Therefore, most likely, they are realized in enzymatic proteins. It was shown that at this type of excitation, the bending of the α-helix is formally directed to the opposite side with respect to the antisymmetric excitations. Also, it has a greater value than the antisymmetric case for N c  ≤ 14 and smaller for N c  > 14.PACS92C05MCS36.20.Ey

It is considered that the major process in an organism is the synthesis of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules (its resumption from the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) molecules). These molecules are the basic (if not unique) energy resource of an organism. For the completion of process of the ATP synthesis in mitochondria, it is necessary to transfer to it a pair of electrons from places where electrons rise up as a result of oxidizing processes. Research of mechanisms of such transfer is important therefore, in particular, from the point of regulative influence on them in medical aims.Various proteins, the primary structure of which can provide the transport of electrons between donors and acceptors, saturate a volume and membranes of cages. A question about a possibility to examine this primary structure of proteins as a nanowire of a semiconductor nature is analyzed. The possibility of active transport of electrons through its conductivity band is analyzed also.In this paper, it was shown that a heterogeneous protein system is possible to be considered as a semiconductor with an average-nitrogen nuclear subsystem and with an average-oxygen electronic subsystem. Also, it was shown that in the potential energy of interaction between the electron and the nuclear subsystem indeed exists non-compensated contributions. These contributions are related to the radicals and provide the active transport of electrons along the primary structure of protein molecules.It was demonstrated also that external fields can have local regulative influence on the transport of electron in proteins by compensating the remaining field or strengthening it.Fulfilled analysis gives a possibility in zero approximation of the application of representation of numbers of filling to the protein molecule, considering it as the nanowire.

Thermodynamic parameters such as the change of entropy, internal energy, and enthalpy were calculated as a function of the relative skeletal muscle strain within the framework of a proposed thermodynamic model. A value for the Young's modulus for the skeletal muscle was also estimated. The obtained theoretical values are in a good agreement with available experimental results for the frog skeletal muscle contraction.