Primate Genomics

Ankel‐Simons, Friderun

doi:10.1016/b978-012372576-9/50016-4

Cited by 57 publications

(87 citation statements)

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“…The differences in canopy use and the accompanying locomotive behavior support our hypothesis relating these behaviors to the morphological differences between the species (Ankel-Simons 2000). Whereas the relatively slender body of Presbytis potenziani with longer hind limbs supports long-distance leaping and traveling in the upper canopy to explore widely scattered and patchy food resources, i.e., fruiting trees, the stockier (macaque-like) body of Simias concolor, in which hind and forelimbs are similar in length, is better suited to a more intensive use of the lower canopy, including the ground level.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Habitat Use and Trophic Niche Overlap of Two Sympatric Colobines, Presbytis potenziani and Simias concolor, on Siberut Island, Indonesia

et al. 2011

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According to ecological theory, the concept of niche differentiation is essential to our understanding of how sympatric species can limit competition over resources. We here examine ecological niche differentiation in 2 sympatric Asian langurs, Presbytis potenziani and Simias concolor, both endemic to the Mentawai Islands off the west coast of Sumatra. We collected data (home range size, canopy use, activity budgets, diet, and niche breadth and overlap) using GPS and scan/focal animal sampling methods on 2 groups of Presbytis potenziani and 3 groups of Simias concolor living in a mixed primary rain forest in northern Siberut. Results show that home ranges of the 2 species overlapped completely and that the home range size of Presbytis potenziani was ca. 4 times larger than that of Simias concolor. Lower canopy levels (<20 m) were used more often by Simias concolor, whereas Presbytis potenziani preferred the canopy >20 m. Apart from foraging and other activities, there was little difference in overall activity budgets of the 2 species. Regarding diet, although 60% of all food species examined were used by both langur species, they shared only 3 of the 10 most commonly eaten species. Presbytis potenziani fed more selectively on fruits, whereas Simias concolor fed predominantly on leaves. Levin's Int niche breadth indices revealed that the diet of Simias concolor is more general (0.34) than that of Presbytis potenziani (0.22). Based on a Pianka index of 0.32, we conclude that there is a relatively small food niche overlap between the 2 colobine species and that diet represents an important mechanism enabling their coexistence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Habitat Use and Trophic Niche Overlap of Two Sympatric Colobines, Presbytis potenziani and Simias concolor, on Siberut Island, Indonesia

et al. 2011

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“…We used limb proportion estimates calculated from this data set and other published sources (14,16,19,(51)(52)(53) (Tables S11 and S12). Data from Schultz (19) are calculated as the maximum length of the limb from shoulder/hip to finger tip or the sole of the foot divided by trunk length, which differs from the more commonly used intermembral index (IMI) [i.e., (humerus length + radius length)/(femur length + tibia length) × 100] (14, 16).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Humans are a challenge to this model because the relative proportions of our limbs, which are thought to reflect independent adaptations for bipedalism (14)(15)(16), endurance, running (17), manual dexterity, and tool use (15,18), distinguish us from all other primates (14)(15)(16)19) (Fig. 1C).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and the evolvability of human limbs

Young

Wagner

Hallgrímsson

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

236

285

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The long legs and short arms of humans are distinctive for a primate, the result of selection acting in opposite directions on each limb at different points in our evolutionary history. This mosaic pattern challenges our understanding of the relationship of development and evolvability because limbs are serially homologous and genetic correlations should act as a significant constraint on their independent evolution. Here we test a developmental model of limb covariation in anthropoid primates and demonstrate that both humans and apes exhibit significantly reduced integration between limbs when compared to quadrupedal monkeys. This result indicates that fossil hominins likely escaped constraints on independent limb variation via reductions to genetic pleiotropy in an ape-like last common ancestor (LCA). This critical change in integration among hominoids, which is reflected in macroevolutionary differences in the disparity between limb lengths, facilitated selection for modern human limb proportions and demonstrates how development helps shape evolutionary change.bipedalism | hominin | integration | macroevolution | serial homology

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“…One hundred fifty-six lumbar vertebrae belonging to 11 species in six genera of subfossil lemurs (Pachylemur, Archaeolemur, Megaladapis, Mesopropithecus, Babakotia, and Palaeopropithecus; Table 1) were compared to those of a phylogenetically diverse sample of extant strepsirrhines (20 species in 17 genera) and haplorhines (six species in six genera; Table 2). Sampled extant species exhibit a wide range of positional behaviors, and their lumbar vertebrae have been shown to vary in accordance with those behaviors (Schultz, 1961;Erikson, 1963;Ankel, 1967Ankel, , 1972Benton, 1967Benton, , 1974Rose, 1975;Shapiro, 1991Shapiro, , 1993aShapiro, ,b, 1995Ward, 1993;Sanders and Bodenbender, 1994;Johnson and Shapiro, 1998;Ankel-Simons, 2000;Shapiro and Simons, 2002).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric analysis of lumbar vertebrae in extinct Malagasy strepsirrhines

Shapiro

Seiffert

Godfrey

et al. 2005

American J Phys Anthropol

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Previous research on subfossil lemurs has revealed much about the positional behavior of these extinct strepsirrhines, but a thorough quantitative analysis of their vertebral form and function has not been performed. In this study, 156 lumbar vertebrae of Pachylemur, Archaeolemur, Megaladapis, Mesopropithecus, Babakotia, and Palaeopropithecus (11 species in all) were compared to those of 26 species of extant strepsirrhines and haplorhines. Lumbar shape was compared among species, using a principal components analysis (PCA) in conjunction with selected vertebral indices. The first principal component revealed strong separation between Palaeopropithecus at one extreme, and Archaeolemur/Pachylemur at the other, with Babakotia, Mesopropithecus, and Megaladapis in an intermediate position. Palaeopropithecus has markedly shorter spinous processes and wider laminae than do the other subfossil taxa, consistent with sloth-like, inverted suspensory postures. The moderately reduced lumbar spinous processes of Babakotia, Mesopropithecus, and Megaladapis are convergent with those of lorisids and Pongo, reflecting antipronogrady, but a less specialized adaptation than that of Palaeopropithecus. Archaeolemur and Pachylemur share relatively elongated spinous processes, in conjunction with other features (e.g., transverse process orientation and relatively short vertebral bodies) indicative of pronograde, quadrupedal locomotion characterized by reduced agility. All subfossil taxa exhibit adaptations emphasizing lumbar spinal stability (e.g., relatively short vertebral bodies, and transverse processes that are not oriented ventrally); we believe this probably reflects convergent mechanical demands connected to large body size, irrespective of specific locomotor mode. Reconstructions of positional behavior in subfossil lemurs based on lumbar vertebrae are largely consistent with those based on other aspects of the postcrania.

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Primate Genomics

Cited by 57 publications

References 0 publications

Habitat Use and Trophic Niche Overlap of Two Sympatric Colobines, Presbytis potenziani and Simias concolor, on Siberut Island, Indonesia

Habitat Use and Trophic Niche Overlap of Two Sympatric Colobines, Presbytis potenziani and Simias concolor, on Siberut Island, Indonesia

Development and the evolvability of human limbs

Morphometric analysis of lumbar vertebrae in extinct Malagasy strepsirrhines

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