`Prime-Jan' (`APF-8') and `Prime-Jim' (`APF-12') Primocane-fruiting Blackberries

Clark, John R.; Moore, James N.; López-Medina, J.; Finn, Chad E.; Perkins-Veazie, P.

doi:10.21273/hortsci.40.3.852

Cited by 36 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Few studies on primocane-fruiting blackberry production have been done, because this crop is relatively new. Strik et al (2008), studying 'Prime-Jan' Ò and 'Prime-Jim' Ò (Clark et al, 2005) in Oregon, noted that when harvest in unprotected fields was curtailed in October as a result of rain, there were still flower buds, flowers, and unripe fruit present on most treatments, particularly those tipped at 1 m (compared with an untipped control). A tunnel would have allowed for much later harvest.…”

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confidence: 99%

High Tunnel versus Open Field: Management of Primocane-fruiting Blackberry Using Pruning and Tipping to Increase Yield and Extend the Fruiting Season

Thompson¹,

Strik²,

Finn³

et al. 2009

horts

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Primocane-fruiting blackberries (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) may offer opportunities for season extension and off-season fruit production, particularly in mild climates with protected culture. In May 2005, plants of ‘Prime-Jan’® were established at the Oregon State University–North Willamette Research and Extension Center, Aurora, OR. Half of the planting was established under a high tunnel and the remainder planted in an adjacent open field. In 2006 to 2007, primocanes were subjected to four treatments to promote branching and/or delay harvest: 1) all primocanes within the plot were cut to the ground when averaging 0.25 m tall, then later emerging canes soft-tipped when reaching 0.5 m tall (C0.25m/T0.5m); 2) all primocanes within the plot were cut to the ground when averaging 0.5 m tall, then later emerging canes soft-tipped when reaching 0.5 m (C0.5m/T0.5m); 3) primocanes double-tipped: all primocanes within the plot were soft-tipped when averaging 0.5 m tall with subsequent lateral branches then soft-tipped when reaching 0.5 m long (T0.5m/Tb0.5m); and 4) primocanes were soft-tipped when averaging 0.5 m tall (T0.5m; control). The tunnel was covered with plastic from 5 Sept. 2006 and 31 Aug. 2007, ≈1 to 2 weeks before harvest until the end of harvest to protect fruit from inclement weather. On average, fruit harvest began on 12 Sept. in the open field and tunnel, but lasted ≈3 weeks longer in the tunnel, ending on 16 Nov., on average. Primocanes that were double-tipped had nearly twice the flowers and fruit than canes that were soft-tipped only once (T0.5m; control). In the tunnel, cumulative yield of double-tipped primocanes averaged 10.7 t·ha−1 in 2006 and 19.3 t·ha−1 in 2007, a 267% and 159% increase compared with the control, respectively. On average, cumulative yield for all treatments was less in the open field than in the tunnel, although cultural systems could not be compared statistically. Harvest was not delayed in the C0.25m/T0.5m treatment in 2006 compared with the control and the double-tipped treatments; however, in 2007, harvest was delayed by 2 weeks in C0.25m/T0.5m. In contrast, harvest was delayed by ≈4 weeks when primocanes were cut to the ground at 0.5 m (C0.5m/T0.5m). Primocanes that were double-tipped produced heavier fruit than other treatments (33% heavier than the control, on average). Double-tipped primocanes did not have more ovules per flower, but had significantly more drupelets set compared with the control. In addition, plants growing under the tunnel tended to produce heavier fruit (32%, on average) than those grown in the open field. Harvest date affected fruit pH in 2006, but not in 2007. In 2006, fruit pH was highest in the early season. All other differences in fruit chemistry were not significant. The pruning and tipping systems used here increased yield and offered options for season extension.

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confidence: 99%

High Tunnel versus Open Field: Management of Primocane-fruiting Blackberry Using Pruning and Tipping to Increase Yield and Extend the Fruiting Season

Thompson¹,

Strik²,

Finn³

et al. 2009

horts

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“…'Prime-Jan' and 'Prime-Jim' bloom on the floricanes beginning in early to late April (Clark et al, 2005). The time from anthesis to black fruit is similar for both cultivars, averaging 57 d .…”

Section: Flowering and Fruiting Morphologymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The time from anthesis to black fruit is similar for both cultivars, averaging 57 d . Fruit harvest ranged from 3 June to 6 July in Arkansas (Clark et al, 2005) and 30 June to 22 Aug. in Oregon . Reported yields range from 1.6 to 5.9 tÁha -1 in Arkansas (Clark et al, 2005) and 4.0 to 6.1 tÁha -1 in Oregon .…”

Section: Flowering and Fruiting Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fruit harvest ranged from 3 June to 6 July in Arkansas (Clark et al, 2005) and 30 June to 22 Aug. in Oregon . Reported yields range from 1.6 to 5.9 tÁha -1 in Arkansas (Clark et al, 2005) and 4.0 to 6.1 tÁha -1 in Oregon . Berry size on floricanes ranged from 3.7 to 6.4 g in Arkansas (Clark et al, 2005) and 4.0 to 4.6 g in Oregon .…”

Section: Flowering and Fruiting Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first commercial primocane-fruiting blackberry cultivars (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus), Prime-JanÒ and Prime-JimÒ (Univ. Arkansas, Fayetteville), were released in 2004 (Clark et al, 2005). This type of blackberry fruits on current-season canes (primocanes) and second-season canes (floricanes), if desired.…”

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Primocane-fruiting Blackberries: Potential for Extending Harvest Season and Production Regions

Strik¹,

Thompson²

2009

horts

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Primocane-fruiting blackberries produce fruit on current-season canes (primocanes) and second-season canes (floricanes), if desired. Primocane-fruiting blackberries are likely adapted to a diverse range of climates, particularly because cold hardiness is not an issue when plants are grown for a primocane crop only. The floricane crop of ‘Prime-Jan’® and ‘Prime-Jim’® is from 3 June to 6 July in Arkansas and 30 June to 22 Aug. in Oregon, thus overlapping with other fresh market blackberries. However, although the primocane crop overlaps with the semierect cultivar Chester Thornless, the fruiting season of the primocane-fruiting types is longer. Harvest on primocanes began 17 July and mid-August in Arkansas and Oregon, respectively. The primocanes of ‘Prime-Jan’ and ‘Prime-Jim’ tend to branch naturally, producing a couple of branches near the base. However, soft-tipping primocanes at 1 m early in the season increased branch and flower number, resulting in a threefold yield increase compared with untipped canes. Yield and berry size in Oregon has been from 1.8 to 5.2 t·ha−1, depending on primocane management treatment, and 5.2 to 7.4 g, respectively. However, yield would have been much higher if all fruit could have been harvested as would be possible under protected culture. Our research to date indicates that primocane-fruiting blackberry can be easily manipulated to adjust harvest time. Remowing primocanes to create a delayed flush of growth will delay harvest. Rowcovers or tunnels that increase temperature will advance primocane growth and harvest. Soft-tipping height and frequency can affect cane architecture and season. Management techniques along with new genotypes of primocane-fruiting blackberry will have a great impact on blackberry production worldwide.

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Blackberry Breeding and Genetics

Clark

Stafne

Hall

et al. 2007

Plant Breeding Reviews

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Blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson) improvement has made substantial progress with over 400 cultivars named originating from wild selections to many releases from breeding efforts. Public breeding has been ongoing for over 100 years. The result of these improvements is commercial production for processing and fresh markets in a number of countries. There has been excellent progress made in improving several very important traits. Fruit quality has been and continues to be a high priority in breeding, with selection for improved processing quality along with enhanced postharvest handling potential for fresh market expansion. Fruit size has been advanced and a range of berry sizes from small to very large exist among released cultivars. A number of plant characters have been addressed, with thornlessness becoming more common in recent introductions. Likewise, enhanced yield potential, improved disease resistance, and improved cane management characteristics have been achieved. More recently, primocane fruiting has been incorporated into blackberry, expanding production options. Breeding has been done using classical breeding methodology, crossing complementary parents and selecting improved progeny. Research using molecular methods has been limited in blackberry, and has not contributed substantially to cultivar improvement. Although breeding efforts in blackberry are more limited than the major berry crops, a continuous supply of new cultivars should result from ongoing programs. These, along with previous cultivar developments, will contribute to an ever-increasing number of cultivar options resulting in an increased of production of this increasingly popular berry crop.

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`Prime-Jan' (`APF-8') and `Prime-Jim' (`APF-12') Primocane-fruiting Blackberries

Cited by 36 publications

References 2 publications

High Tunnel versus Open Field: Management of Primocane-fruiting Blackberry Using Pruning and Tipping to Increase Yield and Extend the Fruiting Season

High Tunnel versus Open Field: Management of Primocane-fruiting Blackberry Using Pruning and Tipping to Increase Yield and Extend the Fruiting Season

Primocane-fruiting Blackberries: Potential for Extending Harvest Season and Production Regions

Blackberry Breeding and Genetics

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