Primer Registro de Plesiomonas shigelloides como Patógeno Oportunista de Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) en una Piscigranja de Lima, Perú

Abstract

En el presente trabajo se reporta la presencia de Plesiomonas shigelloides causando un cuadro patológico entérico en tilapia Oreochromis niloticus en una piscigranja de la región Lima, Perú. Las bacterias fueron aisladas e identificadas por técnicas bioquímicas convencionales y confirmadas por el sistema API 20NE (perfil numérico 7162744 que ratifica a P. shigelloides al 99.3%). Las cepas evaluadas (n=4) presentaron un metabolismo fermentativo de glucosa, positividad en las pruebas de citocromo oxidasa, indol, Voges-Proskauer y rojo de metilo. Los signos externos más frecuentes de la enfermedad fueron eritema en el vientre y las aletas pectorales, ano prominente y enrojecido con descarga sanguinolenta. Internamente se observó el intestino inflamado y la presencia de líquido ascítico en la cavidad visceral. El estudio histopatológico reveló edema de la lámina propia y necrosis epitelial del tejido gástrico e intestinal, y necrosis en el riñón anterior y gónadas.

Plesiomonas: A Review on Food Safety, Fish-Borne Diseases, and Tilapia

“…Therefore, it can be incorporated in various food products, being found in fresh and salty fish and shellfish; water and food are considered transmission vehicles [ 29 – 31 , 33 – 40 ]. Thus, the consumption of raw or undercooked fish and shellfish is considered one of the main risk factors for infection [ 27 , 36 , 40 ]. Likewise, P. shigelloides can cause infections in humans by being present in and transported by untreated water used for drinking, water in recreational facilities, or water used to wash food that is consumed without cooking or heating [ 34 ].…”

“…Ingestion does not always cause this disease, which is generally self-limited and accompanied by fever, chills, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, and/or vomiting; in severe cases, the diarrheal stools can be yellowish green, foamy, and bloody. P. shigelloides is also capable of causing septicemia with a high mortality rate and other extraintestinal infections, such as cellulitis, urinary tract infections, peritonitis, meningitis, conjunctivitis, endocarditis, pneumonia, arthritis, endophthalmitis, and cholecystitis [ 27 , 34 – 36 , 44 , 45 ].…”

“…Plesiomonas is not considered part of the normal microbiota of humans, although the opposite is true for freshwater fish from aquaculture and the environment, such as tilapia, which are indicated as a primary reservoir, as well as the water and sediment of their habitat. Plesiomonas acts as a facultative or opportunistic pathogen in fish, causing epizootic outbreaks associated with stress-promoting factors such as handling, poor hygiene conditions, a high amount of organic matter in ponds, and an increase in water temperature, ultimately triggering high mortality rates and loss in aquaculture productivity [ 27 , 29 , 36 , 40 , 54 , 55 ]. Considering the increases in the fishing and aquaculture production and commercialization of these fish around the world, the focus has been on the safety and control of these products and their prevention since they are a potential source of diseases to humans [ 40 , 54 , 56 ].…”

“…Growth inhibition in 6% NaCl and biochemical tests for arginine dihydrolase and l-histidine decarboxylase can be used to differentiate the growth of P. shigelloides from Vibrio spp., while the tests for lysine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase differentiate P. shigelloides from Aeromonas spp., and the cytochrome oxidase test differentiates P. shigelloides from other Enterobacteriaceae ( Table 2 ) [ 35 , 56 , 76 ]. Other biochemical identification tests used include indole, inositol, and glucose fermentation, production of β -hemolysis, sensitivity to vibriostatic O/129 or a variety of commercial kits, such as API 20E, the Vitek 2 system, or the BD Phoenix [ 27 , 34 , 36 ].…”

Caracterización histológica y molecular de infección por Edwardsiella anguillarum en tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultivada en sistema biofloc en Lima, Perú

“…La rápida expansión e intensificación del cultivo de tilapia ha traído consigo la ocurrencia de enfermedades provocadas por los patógenos bacterianos: E. tarda, Plesiomonas shigelloides y Francisella noatunensis (Soto et al, 2010;Mateo et al, 2011;Sierralta et al, 2016), así como la presencia del virus emergente de la tilapia lacustre (TiLV) (Eyngor et al, 2014). Son escasos los estudios sobre patologías bacterianas en el Perú, por lo cual, en el presente trabajo se planteó como objetivo aislar y caracterizar fenotípica y molecularmente al patógeno E. angui-llarum y analizar las lesiones histopatológicas provocadas en tilapias con signos de enfermedad en una piscigranja de la zona norte de Lima.…”