Primitive Stem Cells in Adult Feline, Canine, Ovine, Caprine, Bovine, and Equine Peripheral Blood

Young, Warren; Lochner, Frank; Lochner, Deborah; Lochner, D; Black, Gypsy F.; Coleman, Julie A.; McCommon, George; Black, Asa C.

doi:10.33425/2639-9512.1005

Cited by 7 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In brief, adult human blood was obtained by venipuncture following standard acceptable medical practice. The blood was collected using sterile procedures and placed in 10-ml EDTA hemovac tubes (Beckton-Dickinson), inverted several times to mix and then refrigerated at 4 o C for 48 hours until further processing to isolate endogenous stem cells within the peripheral blood plasma fraction [14,15].…”

Section: Human Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After 48 hours of gravity separation, the blood had separated into a floating plasma fraction and a sedimented cellular fraction. The cellular fraction contained hematopoietic stem cells, red blood cells, white blood cells, and most mesodermal stem cells [14,15]. The plasma fraction was withdrawn using a sterile pipette, placed in a second sterile tube and refrigerated at 4 o C.…”

Section: Stem Cell Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Totipotent stem cells are Trypan blue-positive very small sphericalshaped cells that are less than 2.0 microns in size [14,15,[21][22][23]. Transitional-totipotent stem cell/pluripotent stem cells display a peripheral rim that stains with Trypan blue and a central core that does not.…”

Section: Stem Cell Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transitional-totipotent stem cell/pluripotent stem cells display a peripheral rim that stains with Trypan blue and a central core that does not. They are more than 2.0 but less than 6.0 microns in size [14,15]. Pluripotent stem cells do not stain with Trypan blue and are 6.0 to 8.0 microns in size [5,13].…”

Section: Stem Cell Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies noted that both totipotent and pluripotent healing cells were resident cell populations in the connective tissue stroma of skeletal muscle [13], blood [14,15], bone marrow [16], adipose tissue [17], dermis [17], pancreas [18], and lung [19] of adult mammals. Therefore, we hypothesized that similar healing cells may be present in adult rat and porcine hearts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiovascular Disease and Adult Healing Cells: From Bench Top to Bedside

Young¹,

Limnios²,

Lochner³

et al. 2017

Stem Cells Regen Med

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Cardiovascular disease, especially ischemic heart disease resulting from coronary artery disease (CAD), is one of the major causes of death and disability in the United States. Even though the dead myocardial cells can be replaced by scar tissue in the healing process, the resulting myocardium cannot function as well as the preinfarcted myocardium, because scar tissues cannot contract. This "normal" healing process results in decreased cardiac output, which can lead to heart failure. Moreover, the scar tissue has abnormal electrical properties, which can lead to sometimes fatal arrhythmias. Previous studies demonstrated that when Lac-Z-labeled healing cells were infused into two animal models of myocardial infarction, that these cells were found to be located within the myocardium, the cardiac skeleton, and the vasculature undergoing repair. These results suggested that healing cells have the potential to repair damaged hearts. The current series of studies were undertaken to determine whether healing cells customarily reside in normal non-injured hearts of small and large animals, and whether autologous healing cells could be infused safely into a post-myocardial infarction patient. Adult rats were euthanized following the guidelines of Mercer University's IACUC. Adult pigs were euthanized following the guidelines of Fort Valley State University's IACUC. The human study was performed under the guidance of the Medical Center of Central Georgia's IRB. Animal hearts were harvested, fixed, cryosectioned, and stained with three antibodies: carcinoembryonic antigen-cell adhesion molecule-1 (CEA-CAM-1) for totipotent stem cells, stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) for pluripotent stem cells, and smooth muscle alpha-actin (IA4) for smooth muscle in the wall of the accompanying vasculature, thus serving as the positive procedural control. Cells positive for both CEA-CAM-1 and SSEA-4 were found to be located in adult rat and porcine hearts. Infusion of autologous healing cells into a post-myocardial infarcted patient resulted in an increase in their cardiac output after two successive healing cell infusions. Current IRB-approved studies are underway to assess the safety and efficacy of infused healing cells into individuals with cardiovascular disease.

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Section: Human Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stem Cell Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stem Cell Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stem Cell Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Cardiovascular Disease and Adult Healing Cells: From Bench Top to Bedside

Young¹,

Limnios²,

Lochner³

et al. 2017

Stem Cells Regen Med

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Fresh isolate adult telomerase positive stem cells: An addition to Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs), Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs), and/or Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) for regenerative medicine

Young¹

2023

GSC Adv. Res. Rev.

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Currently, embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the holy grail for regenerative medicine. Unfortunately, in clinical trials their efficacies have been less than ideal. While telomerase positive ESCs or iPSCs will form every cell type in the body, if implanted in their naïve state, they form teratomas. MSCs are a tripotent telomerase negative progenitor cell that will form fat, cartilage, and bone. MSCs’ efficacy for treating conditions other than fat, cartilage, and bone average 1-5%. We offer healing adult telomerase positive stem cells (aTPSCs) as an addition stem cell to regenerative medicine. The aTPSCs are few in number and reside in connective tissues throughout the body in a quiescent state. Upon stimulation, the aTPSCs divide symmetrically to large numbers due to the presence of the telomerase enzyme. Coupled with their ability to differentiate into any progenitor or differentiated cell in the body from their naïve state under the direction of locally released exosome cues, make them an ideal candidate for regenerative medicine. When tested in clinical studies, both autologous and allogeneic aTPSCs demonstrated a 100% safety record and a cumulative efficacy of 86.4% for reversing signs and symptoms in 20 chronic diseases or traumatic injuries. The results suggested that aTPSCs retain all the positive aspects of ESCs, iPSCs, and MSCs, while exhibiting none of their negative aspects. Therefore, I propose that aTPSCs be an added category of stem cells for use in regenerative medicine to increase efficacy of proposed treatments.

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