Veterinary practice is essential to eliminate pets and their owners suffering, with also playing an important role in public health, environment and law. It is a profession that demands responsibility and dedication, and needs to be practiced with endeavor and care, otherwise the professional is subjected to malpractice laws. We analyzed necropsy requests in which there is suspicion of veterinary error from the Anatomic Pathology Service at FMVZ-USP. There was a total of 49 dogs and 33 cats in the period between 2008 to 2017. They were submitted to three veterinarians as a blind experiment to avoid bias. We observed that necropsies were more often submitted by veterinarians in comparison to owners. When we studied levels of guilt, in 62,26% of cases there was lack of causal link and guilt to convict the veterinarian. In a second part, we analyzed 58 lawsuits in the court of appeals of São Paulo state regarding cases of veterinary errors and 33 lawsuits in the trial court of São Paulo state regarding deaths of dogs and cats during grooming in veterinary premises. 81,1% of owners appeal in court, but 95,7% were denied due to lack of causal link (48,3%) and lack of evidence (32,3%). In the third part of the thesis, we observed that 66,67% were favorable in trial court and most of lawsuits consisted of deaths of animals hit by cars after escaping the premises (40,9%). This present study demonstrates the importance of the service provider in animal care responsibilities and the awareness of the legal duty often ignored by professionals.