Principales aeroalérgenos en rinoconjuntivitis alérgica en la ciudad de Temuco, Chile

Abstract

Aeroallergens causing rhinoconjunctivitis Background: Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) has a prevalence of 30% in industrialized countries. For an accurate diagnosis and treatment, it is crucial to identify the causative aeroallergen. Aim: To evaluate aeroallergen sensitization in adults with ARC in the city of Temuco, Chile. Patients and Methods: A skin test against the main aeroallergens present in Temuco was carried out in patients aged 15 to 64 years with ARC diagnosed by medical examination and the Score For Allergic Rhinitis. Results: At least one aeroallergen sensitization was present in 234 (62.4%) out of 375 patients. Pollen-sensitized patients were positive mainly for Grasses (44.4%), Plantago (27.8%), Cynodon (26.1%), Sorrel (23.5%), Birch (14.9%), Nothofagus obliqua (13.3%) and Alder (11.1%). Dust mites were the most common non-pollinic sensitizing aeroallergens, including Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (70.1%) and Dermatophagoides farinae (62.8%). Conclusions: According to our results, skin tests in the city of Temuco should include at least dust mites, pollens of Grasses, Plantago, Cynodon, Sorrel, Birch, Nothofagus obliqua and Alder, because these allergens account for 93% of ARC cases in this city.

Prevalence of allergic sensitization to Platanus occidentalis among adults with allergic rhinitis: A multicenter study

“…In China, the prevalence and sensitization trend to aeroallergens for a 10-year period was tested as well, reporting a tree allergy prevalence of 7.7%, thus, assuming that allergy frequency to sycamore was relatively low [ 11 ]. Moreover, in Latin America, a study with 234 patients in Chile showed 8.1% sensitization frequency to P. orientalis [ 12 ]. On the other hand, evidence of this allergy prevalence to sycamore pollen was scarce in our country until now.…”

“…Twenty-five years ago, plane tree pollen was recognized as a relevant allergen [ 9 ]; up to now, different studies worldwide have reported how often such pollen sensitizes patients with allergic diseases; depending on tree abundance in the environment, pollen exposure sensitization frequency goes from 1% to 57% of allergic rhinitis (AR) cases [ 7 , 9 - 12 ].…”

Fatores Desencadeantes Da Conjuntivite Alérgica Na Criança E Adolescente: Revisão Integrativa

“…Diversos alérgenos foram citados como possíveis causadores da conjuntivite alérgica nos estudos, totalizando 20 fatores de risco diferentes apresentaram-se em pelo menos 1 artigo como causador da alergia ocular. O fator de risco mais comum foi poluição do ar em 8 artigos [25][26][27][28][29][32][33][34] , seguido de: pelo de animas em 5 artigos 20,26,32,35 ; ácaro com 4 artigos 19,26,29,31 ; com 3 artigos aparecem: história sistêmica de alergia 24,28,32 e uso de antibióticos na infância 19,30,35 ; com 2 artigos: caminhões perto de casa 19,35 , uso de paracetamol na infância 19,35 , pólen 20,31 ; pais com histórico de alergia 21,32 , alergia a ovo 23,26 ; outros alérgenos foram citados apenas 1 vez como: uso de fogão à lenha e tabagismo 19 , leire de vaca 23 , condição socioeconômica e sexo masculino 24 , baixa atividade física semanal e inseticidas 25 , uso de inibidor de bomba de prótons (IBP) e antagonista H2 na infância(H2RA) 30 e altas temperaturas 34 .…”

“…Um estudo feito na Suécia, mostrou a prevalência de pólen maior de abril a agosto, principalmente com grama, bétula e artemisa, chegando a 13% de prevalência de conjuntivite alérgica 20 . Em um estudo realizado no Chile apresentou que os sensibilizantes mais comuns são: pólen de graminhas 44%; plantago 27,8%; Cynodon 26,1%, entre outras, dos não polínicos, os ácaros, principalmente Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 70,1% e Dermatophagoides farinae 62,8% 31 .…”