Principle, Instrumentation, and Applications of UPLC: A Novel Technique of Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

The key focus of the pharmaceutical or chemical industries is to reduce the cost involved in the development of new drugs and to improve the selectivity, sensitivity, and resolution for their detection. The purpose can now be solved by the separation method called UPLC which is the modified HPLC method comprising high pressure and small sized particles (less than 2 µm) used in the column, so the length of the column decreases leading to time saving and reduction in the consumption of solvent. The underlying principle of UPLC is based on van Deemter statement which describes the connection between linear velocity with plate height. UPLC contributes to the improvement of the three areas: speed, resolution, and sensitivity. This is a new advanced category of the HPLC which has the same basic principle and methodology with improved chromatographic performance. This review is an effort to compile the principle, instrumentation, and applications of UPLC.

Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-MS/MS (UHPLC-MS/MS) in practice: analysis of drugs and pharmaceutical formulations

“…Developed peptide separation technology (PST) columns are C 18 BEH Technology, in PST column particles sizes in the variety of 1.7 μm to 10 μm and the column dimension ranges from 75 μm to 30 mm internal diameter and column length from 50 to 250 mm. The PST columns demonstrate sharp-edged symmetrical peaks [7].…”

“…It displayed enhanced efficiency, pH range, and strength as compared to first-generation columns [11]. The developed ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) columns fixed polar group attached to the silyl functionality with a C 6 alkyl and also for UHPLC BEH phenyl columns [7].…”

“…Pursuant to his model characterized band broadening, it clarifies by the connection between height equivalent of a theoretical plate (HETP) and linear velocity, is reliant on a diameter of particle packed into the analytical column [4,6]. These accomplishments show the very considerable increase in resolution, sensitivity, and efficiency with the quicker outcome and a smaller amount expenditure of solvents which lowers the cost and make the technology environment friendly [7].…”

“…At present era, employing of UHPLC gives the full benefits of chromatography applications for the separations using shorter columns, and superior flow rates for augmented rapidity, with greater resolution and sensitivity. The recognition criterion of UHPLC-MS/MS is shown in Table 1 [7]. The current review recapitulates the applications of UHPLC-MS/MS method for assessing drug in pharmaceutical as well as the biological matrix.…”

Sub-2 μm Silica Particles in Chiral Separation

“…The equation demonstrated the obvious advantage of using small particles to decrease plate height [30]. The chromatographic separating power of HPLC is dependent upon the selectivity of the mobile/stationary phase and the efficiency of the column [12,13].…”