Principles and development of the stalagmite paleoclimatology

Kano, Akihiro

doi:10.5575/geosoc.2011.0025

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…The most widely accepted environmental factor is an increase/decrease in the amount of precipitation, which decreases/increases the δ 18 O values of precipitation (Rozanski et al . ) and stalagmites (e.g., Kano ). An increase in precipitation also leads to a decrease in the δ 13 C value of stalagmites from an increase in soil moisture content and soil respiration rates (e.g., Burns et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, CO 2 degassing uptakes 13 C‐depleted CO 2 from the DIC and induces CaCO 3 precipitation and a disproportionate loss of Ca 2+ ions relative to Mg 2+ ions, which increases the value of the Mg 2+ /Ca 2+ ratio of the water. This process is normally enhanced during dry periods of low recharge when the water slowly descends through aerated channels and drips on the stalagmites (e.g., Kano ). However, the process is also influenced by the difference in p CO 2 between seepage water and cave air, which is the driving force of Equation .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two modes of climatic control in the Holocene stalagmite record from the Japan Sea side of the Japanese islands

Sone¹,

Kano

Kashiwagi

et al. 2015

Island Arc

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The Holocene stalagmite FG01 collected at the Fukugaguchi Cave in Itoigawa, central Japan provides a unique high-resolution record of the East Asian winter monsoon. Because of the climate conditions on the Japan Sea side of the Japanese islands, the volume of precipitation during the winter is strongly reflected in the stalagmite δ 18 O signal. Examination of the carbon isotopes and the Mg/Ca ratio of FG01 provided additional information on the Holocene climate in Itoigawa, which is characterized by two different modes separated at 6.4 ka. Dripwater composition and the correlation between the δ 13 C and Mg/Ca data of FG01 indicate the importance of prior calcite precipitation (PCP), a process that selectively eliminated 12 C and calcium ions from infiltrating water from CO 2 degassing and calcite precipitation. In an earlier period (10.0-6.4 ka), an increase in soil pCO 2 associated with warming and wetting climate trends was a critical factor that enhanced PCP, and resulted in an increasing trend in the Mg/Ca and δ 13 C data and a negative correlation between the δ 13 C and δ 18 O profiles. A distinct peak in the δ 13 C age profile at 6.8 ka could be a response to an increase of approximately 10% in C4 plants in the recharge area. At 6.4 ka, the climate mode changed to another, and correlation between δ 18 O and δ 13 C became positive. In addition, a millennial-scale variation in δ 18 O and pulsed changes in δ 13 C and Mg/Ca became distinct. Assuming that δ 18 O and PCP were controlled by moisture in the later period, the volume of precipitation was high during 6.0-5.2, 4.4-4.0, and 3.0-2.0 ka. In contrast, the driest interval in Itoigawa was during 0.2-0.4 ka, and broadly corresponds to the Little Ice Age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two modes of climatic control in the Holocene stalagmite record from the Japan Sea side of the Japanese islands

Sone¹,

Kano

Kashiwagi

et al. 2015

Island Arc

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“…F I G U R E 2 Dissolution and precipitation of CaCO 3 in a limestone cave system. Source: Modified from Kano (2012).…”

Section: Growth Of Stalactites and Stalagmitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a strict sense, a part of the bicarbonate ion (

{\mathrm{HCO}}_3^{\hbox{--} }

) on the right‐hand side includes dissolved carbon dioxide (

{\mathrm{CO}}_{2\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)}

) and carbonate ion (

{\mathrm{CO}}_3^{2\hbox{--} }

), but more than 90% of the dissolved carbon occurs as

{\mathrm{HCO}}_3^{\hbox{--} }

in the pH range of the water in the limestone area (7.3–8.5) (Kano, 2011; Plummer & Busenberg, 1982).…”

Section: Geochemical Processes In a Cave Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen isotopes of the Japanese stalagmites as global and local paleoclimate proxies

2023

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Stalagmite oxygen isotopes (δ18O) have been used to reconstruct terrestrial paleoclimates during the late Pleistocene and Holocene. However, the interpretation of the δ18O is not straightforward when determining the factor controlling δ18O; temperature or water δ18O. In addition, the water δ18O changes with rainfall intensity (amount effect), rainfall seasonality, and some other factors. Here, we first review the hydrochemical processes and behaviors of the oxygen isotopes and the other proxies in a cave system, which are fundamental for interpretating the paleoclimatic signals. We then introduce the oxygen isotope records of Japanese caves. Some of the Japanese stalagmites demonstrated a δ18O profile that represented a similar pattern to the Chinese stalagmite records, but had relatively small δ18O amplitudes, which can be explained mainly by temperature changes rather than the amount effect. This demands a reversal of the relationship between climate and rainwater δ18O across the Japanese Islands. Using δ18O data for rainwater samples from four sites in Japan (in Niigata, Fukuoka, Gifu and Mie Prefectures), we presents the results of model calculations to verify how the rainfall intensity and the seasonality relate with the δ18O of rainwater. A significant correlation coefficient was observed in Niigata, where the rainfall δ18O decreases with an increase in the annual amount of rainfall, and with a decrease in the winter rainfall. Similar trends were observed in Fukuoka, whereas while the results of Gifu and Mie exhibited no significant trends. Temperature change was would be the main factor controlling the stalagmite δ18O at the latter two sites. For a better understanding of the stalagmite δ18O records, the measurement of fluid inclusions and carbonate clumped isotopes can be used to evaluate the effect of temperature on the stalagmite δ18O, as well as to reconstruct the water δ18O. We predict that the 17O excess in stalagmites reconstructs the seasonal shift in the vapor sources.

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“…Different formations and fossils containing calcite, such as shells, corals and stalactites, have been used to reconstruct global environmental change (Wefer and Berger, 1991;Suzuki et al, 1999;Kano, 2012), while the age of archaeological artifacts made of limestone or marble provides chronological markers (Roque et al, 2001). Calcite veins found along fault planes are used to understand the nature and timing of fluid migration through fault zones (Watanabe et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring apparent dose rate factors using beta and gamma rays, and alpha efficiency for precise thermoluminescence dating of calcite

Ogata

Hasebe

Fujii

et al. 2017

Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences

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In addition to the conventional 14 C and Th/U dating methods, thermoluminescence (TL) dating has been applied to calcite, but has been less popular partly because the luminescence responses for different types of radiation are unclear. To report more reliable TL ages for calcite, the fundamental characteristics of its response to radiation exposure were investigated and related to chemical composition. Relative TL factors for calcite after beta and gamma irradiation normalized with quartz, hereafter termed the beta and gamma factors, were measured as 0.19-0.34 and 0.16-0.33, respectively. These lower values than for quartz may be caused by differences in common substitution elements in calcite ( Si), and the interaction between mediums with different atomic numbers and radiation energies. The beta factor is higher than the gamma factor for some samples. These samples show relatively higher concentrations in lighter elements (up to Ba); thus, the concentration of minor elements may cause differing behavior between beta and gamma rays. The gamma factor may depend on Mn concentration; however, the elements most affecting the beta factor remain unknown. The accumulated dose from alpha rays is affected by sample thickness because of the spatial energy density around the center of the alpha track and luminescence detection range. Thus, for accurate alpha efficiency measurements, evaluation of the effective alpha ray range and luminescence detection thickness is important. The alpha efficiency against the gamma factor, known as the k-value, increases with Mn concentration. Previous studies have suggested that the alpha efficiency is lower than beta and gamma efficiency because the ionization density produced by alpha particles is so great that the thermoluminescence traps in the tracks' central core become saturated. This leads to a much greater proportion of the ionized electrons being wasted compared with beta and gamma radiation. Thus, we concluded that luminescence traps increase with increasing Mn concentrations.

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Principles and development of the stalagmite paleoclimatology

Cited by 5 publications

References 115 publications

Two modes of climatic control in the Holocene stalagmite record from the Japan Sea side of the Japanese islands

Two modes of climatic control in the Holocene stalagmite record from the Japan Sea side of the Japanese islands

Oxygen isotopes of the Japanese stalagmites as global and local paleoclimate proxies

Measuring apparent dose rate factors using beta and gamma rays, and alpha efficiency for precise thermoluminescence dating of calcite

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