Principles and Recent Advances in Biosensors for Pathogens Detection

Abstract

Foodborne and waterborne diseases caused by pathogens pose a serious threat to human life, and the detection of such pathogens in food, water, and beverages has gained paramount importance in view of the increasing number of pathogenic diseases in recent times. Standard and traditional analytical techniques employed for the recognition of deadly pathogens, including polymerase chain reaction‐based techniques, immunology‐based assays, culture and colony counting techniques, require several hours or perhaps even a few days for the results. All these techniques, despite being quite sensitive, are time‐intensive. Therefore, several researchers are focusing on the development of rapid pathogen detection techniques. Although the most advanced biosensing technologies exhibit potential approaches, significant research and testing is an urgent need to design innovative biosensors. Novel bioanalytical approaches for the recognition and quantification of target pathogens are being designed and developed to enhance the characteristics of biosensors, including rapid response, selectivity, and sensitivity. In this context, we not only provide an overview of the types of biorecognition elements employed for the detection of pathogens, but also discuss in detail the traditional approaches, biomolecular techniques, the latest advances in the detection and quantification of foodborne and waterborne pathogens, with particular emphasis on biosensors.

Application of New Energy Thermochromic Composite Thermosensitive Materials of Smart Windows in Recent Years

“…According to the IL load ( Figure 9 g), the obtained IG film showed obvious differences, which was confirmed by spectral analysis [ 92 ]. At present, 3-chloro- N -isopropylacetamide containing thermally responsive poly [VNIm][TFSI] based electroactive substances were synthesized for use in multi-responsive devices [ 93 ]. Ion gel, consisting of MBV [TFSI], ferrocene and poly [VNIm][TFSI], is used to construct single layer (all-in-one) devices (with and without water).…”

“…( e ) Vanadium oxide VO 2 (M) synthesis was investigated using supercritical CO 2 (scCO 2 ), imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) and their biphasic combination. ( f ) IG prepared with different weight ratios of BMIM TFSI shows the change in transparency after adding BMIM TFSI [ 93 ]. ( g ) Adjust the chemical structure of PDI-MA and PDI-MA dianion through reversible redox reactions.…”

Recent Progress in Spectroscopic Methods for the Detection of Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria

“…Different reactions of certain enzymes with the cells emit photons as a byproduct. The emission of photons during the reaction creates fluorescence that is utilized in the detection process of various pathogens [ 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ].…”

Aptasensors for the detection of infectious pathogens: design strategies and point-of-care testing

“…Biosensor-based diagnostic represents an advanced technology in pursuit of rapid detection of various analytes including pathogens [12,13]. A typical biosensor is composed of immobilized bio-sensitive materials as recognition moieties and physical or chemical transducers that translate the recognition information into measurable signals.…”