Principles of biomechanics in oral implantology

Abstract

Background and aims. The principles of biomechanics comprise all the interactions between the body (tissues) and the forces acting upon it (directly or via different medical devices). Besides the mechanical aspects, the tissues response is also studied. Understanding and applying these principles is vital for the researchers in the field of oral implantology, but they must be equally known by the practitioners. From the planning stages to the final prosthetic restoration, they are involved in each and every aspect. Ignoring them inevitably leads to failure.Methods. The first part of this paper includes a review of our current research in oral implantology (mechanical, digital and biological testing), while the second part includes a review of the available literature on certain biomechanical aspects and their implications in everyday practice.Results. Our research opens new study directions and provides increased chances of success for dental implant therapy. The practical aspects of our findings, combined with the available literature (from the basic principles described more than 40 years ago to the most recent studies and technologies) can serve as a guide to practitioners for increasing their success rate. Conclusion.While no therapy is without failure risk, a good understanding of the biomechanics involved in oral implantology can lead to higher success rates in implant supported prosthetic restorations.

Stress analysis of a single prosthesis on a poorly positioned implant

“…Planning for implant installation is essential, however, often due to anatomical limitations such as pronounced resorption of the maxillae and consequent approximation of important structures such as the maxillary sinus, nasal fossa, mentual foramen and even the inferior alveolar nerve, This procedure aims to simplify planning, thus avoiding extensive surgeries, minimizing costs and morbidity (Alom et al, 2021;da Silva et al, 2018;Manea et al, 2019;Muangsisied et al, 2021).…”

Biomechanics of implant-supported restorations

“…Based on a didactic and general explanation, the term "biomechanics" can be defined as mechanics applied to biology, while mechanics is derived from the response of the structure to forces or displacements [1][2][3]. Biomechanical principles in implant dentistry remain as crucial as the clinical parameters that must be applied for oral rehabilitation.…”

“…Biomechanical principles in implant dentistry remain as crucial as the clinical parameters that must be applied for oral rehabilitation. Ignoring or not applying the principles will ultimately lead to clinical failure [1]. These principles can be identified during prototype development, production and testing of implant-supported restorations and during all clinical stages, including planning, insertion, loading and maintenance [1].…”

“…Throughout the treatment plan phase, it is mandatory to consider how these forces, which will be applied to the dental implant, may be generated in terms of: type, direction, magnitude, duration and physiology [1][2][3][4][5][6]. According to the literature, the 5-year survival rates range from 97.1% -100% for fixed prostheses and 95% -100% for removable prostheses that are implant supported.…”