Principles of Historical Linguistics

Hock, Hans Henrich

doi:10.1515/9783110219135

Cited by 850 publications

(222 citation statements)

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“…In this case morphology and phonology were seen in intergration. Arlotto (1972) and Hock (1986), among others, who have done historical and comparative study of language agrees with the resources on the current study.Arlotto reports that words undergo systematic changes to fit into the recipient language from the donor language. Hock reports that a word is nativized to fit into the borrowing language and to be used like other words in that recipient language.…”

Section: Watera 51supporting

confidence: 84%

Mophophonological changes of borrowed words from English to Lubukusu dialect of Western Kenya

Evans¹

2014

Int. J. English Lit.

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This study set out to investigate how Lubukusu borrows words from English and yet the two differ widely in terms of phonemic inventories. Borrowing of words form English to Lubukusu required assimilation processes to enable the transfer of characteristics of one language into the other. The study identified and described the morphophonological change that the loan words from English go through to fit into Lubukusu speech system and established morphophonological rules that account for the changes. The study adopted the theory Natural Generative phonology (NGP) which was propagated by Hopper (1976) as the theoretical framework. Sampling procedure was used to arrive at the fields most affected and sample population. Eighty speakers of Lubukusu from Bumula Division, Bungoma district were interviewed, ten respondents from each field of Education, Police, Health, Mechanics, commerce, Building and Construction, Religion and domestic. An interview schedule was used in data collection. The loan words were also recorded on a magnetic tape during articulation for the sake of analysis to get a clear picture of their morphophonological structure. The Loan words were transcribed for Morphophonological analysis. It was evident that there were lot of consonantal changes like consonant insertion, consonant deletion and consonant substitution among others. There were also vowel changes that were observed such as vowel deletion, vowel substitution and vowel insertion. No single loan word was found to maintain its original morphophonological structure when it moved from English to Lubukusu in both singular and Plural form. The study contributes to linguistic scholarship in the area of Lubukusu Morphophonemics. The knowledge acquired could be utilized by institutions of higher learning and translation centres. It was recommended that more studies like the current study should be conducted in the rest of the remaining dialects of Luhyia to give a clear picture of how Luhyia borrows words from English and also the suprasegmental level should be considered.

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Section: Watera 51supporting

confidence: 84%

Mophophonological changes of borrowed words from English to Lubukusu dialect of Western Kenya

Evans¹

2014

Int. J. English Lit.

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“…A final formal similarity between learned bird song (and other animal songs such as whale song) and human speech and music is the existence of historical change in vocal signals and geographical (''dialectal'') variation between populations of the same species. The study of the historical process of transmission and change in human vocal traditions (Hock, 1989;Labov, 1994) may offer a valuable model for similar analysis of dialectal change in bird song (Lachlan, 1999).…”

Section: Parallels Between Birdsong Language and Musicmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology and evolution of music: A comparative perspective

2006

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Studies of the biology of music (as of language) are highly interdisciplinary and demand the integration of diverse strands of evidence. In this paper, I present a comparative perspective on the biology and evolution of music, stressing the value of comparisons both with human language, and with those animal communication systems traditionally termed ''song''. A comparison of the ''design features'' of music with those of language reveals substantial overlap, along with some important differences. Most of these differences appear to stem from semantic, rather than structural, factors, suggesting a shared formal core of music and language. I next review various animal communication systems that appear related to human music, either by analogy (bird and whale ''song'') or potential homology (great ape bimanual drumming). A crucial comparative distinction is between learned, complex signals (like language, music and birdsong) and unlearned signals (like laughter, ape calls, or bird calls). While human vocalizations clearly build upon an acoustic and emotional foundation shared with other primates and mammals, vocal learning has evolved independently in our species since our divergence with chimpanzees. The convergent evolution of vocal learning in other species offers a powerful window into psychological and neural constraints influencing the evolution of complex signaling systems (including both song and speech), while ape drumming presents a fascinating potential homology with human instrumental music. I next discuss the archeological data relevant to music evolution, concluding on the basis of prehistoric bone flutes that instrumental music is at least 40,000 years old, and perhaps much older. I end with a brief review of adaptive functions proposed for music, concluding that no one selective force (e.g., sexual selection) is adequate to explaining all aspects of human music. I suggest that questions about ARTICLE IN PRESSthe past function of music are unlikely to be answered definitively and are thus a poor choice as a research focus for biomusicology. In contrast, a comparative approach to music promises rich dividends for our future understanding of the biology and evolution of music.

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“…Lass & Anderson 1975, Hock 1991. Clearly, an insightful account of these geminate lenition generalizations must be couched within a general theory of lenition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geminate Inalterability and Lenition

Kirchner¹

2000

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Principles of Historical Linguistics

Cited by 850 publications

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Mophophonological changes of borrowed words from English to Lubukusu dialect of Western Kenya

Mophophonological changes of borrowed words from English to Lubukusu dialect of Western Kenya

The biology and evolution of music: A comparative perspective

Geminate Inalterability and Lenition

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