Print media coverage of primary healthcare and related research evidence in South Africa

Akintola, Olagoke; Lavis, John N.; Hoskins, R.

doi:10.1186/s12961-015-0051-6

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Yet, there is very limited information about HCWM in CBC. In South Africa, community-based organisations (CBOs) are heavily relied upon to provide health and social services to poor and marginalised communities [19]. The CBOs provide on-going care to people with illnesses such as HIV/AIDS, TB and cancer in their homes with the help of CHWs living in these communities [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health care waste management in community-based care: experiences of community health workers in low resource communities in South Africa

Hangulu

Akintola

2017

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundIn South Africa, community health workers (CHWs) working in community-based care (CBC) programmes provide care to patients most of whom are living with HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis (TB). Although studies have shown that the caregiving activities provided by the CHWs generate health care waste (HCW), there is limited information about the experiences of CHWs on health care waste management (HCWM) in CBC. This study explored HCWM in CBC in Durban, South Africa from the perspectives CHWs.MethodsWe used three ethnographic approaches to collect data: focus group discussions, participant observations and informal discussions. Data was collected from 85 CHWs working in 29 communities in the Durban metropolis, South Africa. Data collection took place from July 2013 to August 2014.ResultsCHWs provided nursing care activities to patients many of whom were incontinent or bedridden. Some the patients were living with HIV/AIDS/TB, stroke, diabetes, asthma, arthritis and high blood pressure. These caregiving activities generate sharps and infectious waste but CHWs and family members did not segregate HCW according to the risk posed as stipulated by the HCWM policy. In addition, HCW was left with domestic waste. Major barriers to proper HCWM identified by CHWs include, lack of assistance from family members in assisting patients to use the toilet or change diapers and removing HCW from homes, irregular waste collection by waste collectors, inadequate water for practicing hygiene and sanitation, long distance between the house and the toilets and poor conditions of communal toilets and pit latrines. As a result of these barriers, HCW was illegally dumped along roads or in the bush, burnt openly and buried within the yards. Liquid HCW such as vomit, urine and sputum were disposed in open spaces near the homes.ConclusionCurrent policies on primary health care (PHC) and HCWM in South Africa have not paid attention to HCWM. Findings suggest the need for primary health care reform to develop the competencies of CHWs in HCWM. In addition, PHC and HCWM policies should address the infrastructure deficit in low resource communities. In order for low-and-middle-income-countries (LMICs) to develop effective community health worker programmes, there is a need for synergies in PHC and HCWM policies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health care waste management in community-based care: experiences of community health workers in low resource communities in South Africa

Hangulu

Akintola

2017

BMC Public Health

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“…Such exposure is likely to play a key role in shaping attitudes and behaviours of relevance to chronic disease prevention [7]. News media lies at the nexus of the public and policy agenda and news coverage of issues and events both shapes and reflects public and political opinion [8]. While print newspapers are considered to be something of a 'dying industry', online news media exposure continues to increase, with much of the population having direct access 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, from almost any location [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

30+ years of media analysis of relevance to chronic disease: a scoping review

et al. 2020

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Background: Chronic, non-communicable diseases are a significant public health priority, requiring action at individual, community and population levels, and public and political will for such action. Exposure to media, including news, entertainment, and advertising media, is likely to influence both individual behaviours, and attitudes towards preventive actions at the population level. In recent years there has been a proliferation of research exploring how chronic diseases and their risk factors are portrayed across various forms of media. This scoping review aims to map the literature in this area to identify key themes, gaps, and opportunities for future research in this area. Methods: We searched three databases (Medline, PsycINFO and Global Health) in July 2016 and identified 499 original research articles meeting inclusion criteria: original research article, published in English, focusing on media representations of chronic disease (including how issues are framed in media, impact or effect of media representations, and factors that influence media representations). We extracted key data from included articles and examined the health topics, media channels and methods of included studies, and synthesised key themes across studies. Results: Our findings show that research on media portrayals of chronic disease increased substantially between 1985 and 2016. Smoking and nutrition were the most frequent health topics, and television and print were the most common forms of media examined, although, as expected, research on online and social media channels has increased in recent years. The majority of studies focused on the amount and type of media coverage, including how issues are framed, typically using content analysis approaches. In comparison, there was much less research on the influences on and consequences of media coverage related to chronic disease, suggesting an important direction for future work. Conclusions: The results highlight key themes across media research of relevance to chronic disease. More indepth syntheses of studies within the identified themes will allow us to draw out the key patterns and learnings across the literature.

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“…Following the Alma Ata Declaration on Primary Health Care in 1978, many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have made it a policy priority to shift the care of chronically ill patients from hospitals to the community [ 1 ]. The World Health Organization (WHO) has also promoted home and community-based care (CBC) and the concept of task-shifting to deal with health worker shortages in LMICs [ 2 ]. In recent years, considerable increases in the funding for HIV/AIDS/TB and the need to meet the millennium development goals have led to a renewed focus on CBC in many LMICs [ 1 , 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The World Health Organization (WHO) has also promoted home and community-based care (CBC) and the concept of task-shifting to deal with health worker shortages in LMICs [ 2 ]. In recent years, considerable increases in the funding for HIV/AIDS/TB and the need to meet the millennium development goals have led to a renewed focus on CBC in many LMICs [ 1 , 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In sub-Saharan Africa, community-based organisations (CBOs) are a key element in the provision of primary health care services in poor and marginalised communities [ 2 – 4 ]. In the HIV/AIDS sector for example, CBOs often provide care and resources to marginalised populations like sex workers, drug users, gay men, the aged, the poor and the homeless [ 2 , 5 ]. CBOs are relevant in providing health care because they understand their local communities and they are linked to the populations that they serve [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perspectives of policy-makers and stakeholders about health care waste management in community-based care in South Africa: a qualitative study

Hangulu

Akintola

2017

BMC Health Serv Res

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BackgroundIn South Africa, a new primary health care (PHC) re-engineering initiative aims to scale up the provision of community-based care (CBC). A central element in this initiative is the use of outreach teams comprising nurses and community health workers to provide care to the largely poor and marginalised communities across the country. The provision of care will inevitably lead to an increase in the amount of health care waste (HCW) generated in homes and suggests the need to pay more attention to the HCW that emanates from homes where there is care of a patient. CBC in South Africa is guided by the home-based care policy. However, this policy does not deal with issues about how HCW should be managed in CBC. This study sought to explore health care waste management (HCWM) in CBC in South Africa from the policy-makers’ and stakeholders’ perspective.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 9 policy-makers and 21 stakeholders working in 29 communities in Durban, South Africa. Interviews were conducted in English; were guided by an interview guide with open-ended questions. Data was analysed thematically.ResultsThe Durban Solid waste (DSW) unit of the eThekwini municipality is responsible for overseeing all waste management programmes in communities. Lack of segregation of waste and illegal dumping of waste were the main barriers to proper management practices of HCW at household level while at the municipal level, corrupt tender processes and inadequate funding for waste management programmes were identified as the main barriers. In order to address these issues, all the policy-makers and stakeholders have taken steps to collaborate and develop education awareness programmes. They also liaise with various government offices to provide resources aimed at waste management programmes.ConclusionsHCW is generated in CBC and it is poorly managed and treated as domestic waste. With the rollout of the new primary health care model, there is a greater need to consider HCWM in CBC. There is need for the Department of Health to work together with the municipality to ensure that they devise measures that will help to deal with improper HCWM in the communities.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12913-017-2236-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Print media coverage of primary healthcare and related research evidence in South Africa

Cited by 16 publications

References 33 publications

Health care waste management in community-based care: experiences of community health workers in low resource communities in South Africa

Health care waste management in community-based care: experiences of community health workers in low resource communities in South Africa

30+ years of media analysis of relevance to chronic disease: a scoping review

Perspectives of policy-makers and stakeholders about health care waste management in community-based care in South Africa: a qualitative study

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