Printed Amperometric Gas Sensors

Carter, Michael T.; Stetter, Joseph R.; Findlay, Melvin W; Patel, Vinay

doi:10.1149/05012.0211ecst

Cited by 37 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The printed sensors fabricated with 5M H 2 SO4 did not respond appreciably to NH 3 , as shown in Figure 2, probably because of protonation of NH 3 to NH 4 + , so a direct comparison was not possible. However, a commercial NH 3 sensor (Sensoric 3E100SE, proprietary basic electrolyte) was tested in previous work and found to have performance characteristics comparable to the best RTILs shown in Table I (13,15). The magnitude of the sensitivity of the Sensoric 3E100SE is much larger than that of our printed electrodes due to differences in electrode area.…”

Section: It Is Clear From Figures 2 and 3 Andmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…5M H 2 SO 4 was prepared from concentrated H 2 SO 4 and 18 MΩ-cm ultrapure water. Results for 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMIM Tf 2 N) are from a previous printed sensor report (13). Neat ammonia (Praxair, NH 3 ) was diluted dynamically with zero grade air (Praxair) to the provide final concentrations.…”

Section: Ionic Liquids and Other Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The system for gas sensor testing has been described previously (13,15). The system includes Lab View™-based control of mixing, dilution, electrochemical parameters and data acquisition.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An approximate comparison of the relative sensitivities of the printed sensor in this work and the Sensoric sensor in our previous work (13,15) can be derived assuming that the nominal active electrode areas of the respective sensors are proportional to the area of the gas inlet. This is a nominal, normalized sensitivity and does not take into account the real surface area of the commercial vs. the developmental printed electrodes.…”

Section: It Is Clear From Figures 2 and 3 Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rational Design of Amperometric Gas Sensors with Ionic Liquid Electrolytes

et al. 2014

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We discuss here further issues in the application of room temperature ionic liquid electrolytes to printed amperometric gas sensors. The main issue addressed is design of the amperometric gas sensor, relative to selection of optimal ionic liquid electrolytes for the realization of new gas sensors with superior properties of robustness, stability, sensitivity and limit of detection. Examples are provided in the context of ammonia monitoring.

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Section: It Is Clear From Figures 2 and 3 Andmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Ionic Liquids and Other Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: It Is Clear From Figures 2 and 3 Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rational Design of Amperometric Gas Sensors with Ionic Liquid Electrolytes

et al. 2014

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“…Single sensors are targeted for specific analytes while sensor arrays can provide broad sensing capability with improved selectivity. The processes for preparing printed sensors are well-established now 5 and take advantage of the revolution in printed electronics and the well-established batch processing used in semiconductor MEMS fabrication. Sensors have been developed for the priority pollutants CO, NO 2 (selective), O 3 , and SO 2 , as well as NO, H 2 S, O 2 , and ethanol.…”

Section: Sensor Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ubiquitous Wearable Electrochemical Sensors

Arriaga

Findlay

Hesketh

et al. 2016

Electrochem. Soc. Interface

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Wearable sensors are a topic of increasing interest, with market growth projected to be 40% or more over the next 5 years, soon reaching billions in sales. These sensors can be divided into in-body, on-body, and around-the-body sensing. Examples of in-body sensing include the temperature sensor you can swallow and the underskin glucose delivery systems with embedded sensors. On-body skin patches have been built for body temperature, blood oxygen saturation (SPO 2 ), heart-rate monitoring and more. Wearable or personal mobile sensors you carry by incorporating them in cellphones and other mobile platforms, for example the Drayson Clean Air, are becoming more prevalent. These devices can warn you of pollutant sources or perform breath analysis for alcohol, carbon monoxide, or hydrogen, serving as diagnostics for disease or in-treatment programs. Sensors can also be divided by market application, be it health, medicine, sport, diet, safety, environment, well-being, or a myriad of other personal aids to our daily living. In this category one can find everything from smart watches to smart clothing! Ubiquitous integrated sensor arrays are becoming a reality and progress in this domain can be seen each month. The promise is that everyone and everything will be connected via wireless data collection, and services like healthcare will be brought to everyone, everywhere, anytime, for virtually any need. Currently, there are a multitude of distributed sensors, e.g., the Internet of Things (IoT), Pere, et al.1 These sense the environment and provide applications in home automation, home safety and comfort, and personal health. At a macro level they provide data for smart cities, smart agriculture, and for water conservation and energy efficiency. Other applications include supply chain management, transportation, and logistics. While regional atmospheric information is already uploaded to the web (e.g., EPA websites) and are made available for public perusal (e.g., airnow.gov), the promise is that new wearable sensors will make this information available to the individual immediately, on a local basis. This will lead to new areas of application and will undoubtedly significantly impact our health and well-being.Methods for rapid prototyping of sensors and inexpensive fabrication methods are being developed for flexible substrates.2 This makes wearable sensor technology available that requires a fraction of the power of traditional sensors. The added bonus is that these wearable sensors are cost-competitive with those achieved utilizing MEMS fabrication methods. 3,4 Sensor TechnologyThere are many technologies for sensing that are common in wearable applications including mechanical, optical, thermal, magnetic, and solid-state electronic and electrochemical-based methods. Each has its forte for certain variables useful in wearable products. Mechanical sensors like accelerometers can sense motion for exercise or sleep monitoring. People typically do not want an accelerometer but rather the sensor in a system with electronics...

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Ionic Liquid‐based Microchannels for Highly Sensitive and Fast Amperometric Detection of Toxic Gases

Hussain

Hibbert

et al. 2018

Electroanalysis

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Ionic liquid (IL)‐based microchannels sensors have been fabricated and employed for the detection of toxic ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) gases, with enhanced sensitivity and response times compared to conventional electrodes. Electrochemical techniques were employed to understand the behaviour of these highly toxic gases in two ionic liquids, [C4mpyrr][NTf2] and [C2mim][NTf2], on a gold modified microchannels electrode. The limits of detection (LODs) obtained in [C4mpyrr][NTf2] for NH3 (3.7 ppm) and in [C2mim][NTf2] for HCl (3.6 ppm) were lower than the current Occupational Safety and Health Administration Permissible Exposure Limit (OSHA PEL) for the two gases (25 ppm for NH3 and 5 ppm for HCl). The response time of the sensor is 15 s with a sensitivity of 143 nA ppm−1 and 14 nA ppm−1 for HCl and NH3, respectively. These results demonstrate the superiority of IL‐based microchannels sensors for detecting toxic gases, when compared to commercially available sensors or traditional IL‐based sensor designs, where high sensitivity or fast response time is still a challenge.

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Printed Amperometric Gas Sensors

Cited by 37 publications

References 13 publications

Rational Design of Amperometric Gas Sensors with Ionic Liquid Electrolytes

Rational Design of Amperometric Gas Sensors with Ionic Liquid Electrolytes

Ubiquitous Wearable Electrochemical Sensors

Ionic Liquid‐based Microchannels for Highly Sensitive and Fast Amperometric Detection of Toxic Gases

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