Printed Highly Ordered Conductive Polymer Nanowires Doped with Biotinylated Polyelectrolytes for Biosensing Applications

Abstract

interests, the high fabrication cost, complicated constructions of the device, and multiple functionalization steps hinder their incorporation into real applications. [8] In general, there are two strategies to fabricate nanowire devices: top down approach uses conventional lithography (e.g., e-beam) to fabricate the required nanostructures which can make homogeneous nanowires array however it is suffered by the high fabrication cost and material limitations. Bottom up approaches construct the sensors using chemical synthesized nanowires as building blocks which are typically driven by self-assembly. [9] Since the nanowires are very small in size, it is very difficult to achieve repeatable devices with highly ordered nanowires. There is an urgent need to develop low-cost, simple, and reliable approach for nanowire device preparation. [10] Alternative nanoscale lithography approach featured with cost-effectiveness has been developed to fabricate nanowires, which triggered a lot research interests. [11] Very recently, we developed a nanoscale printing approach which uses aqueous solution of conductive polymers as inks. Highly ordered nanowires could be printed on various substrates through imprinted soft nanomold at a relatively low cost and without the requirement of cleanroom facilities. [12] Such techniques have been successfully applied to fabricate nanowires based chemresistive type of gas sensors for volatile organic compounds (VOC) detection. [13] In this work, we applied this approach to fabricate impedimetric biosensor based on highly ordered biotin doped conductive polymer nanowires array. Particularly, we developed biofunctional nanomaterials as inks direct for nanowires fabrication and functionalization, which is a key part of the nanoscale biosensor preparation. Existing methods generally require multiple surface functionalization steps, which may bring uncertainties. Stability of functional groups on nanowires is crucial for the performance of biosensor. Here, the biofunctional groups were directly carried on the nanowires surface by doping the conductive polymers with PEGylated biotin-derivatized polyelectrolytes which enables a direct biofunctionalization on the nanowire surface with high repeatability and less biofouling and avoids the multiple postsurface functionalization steps. After conjugation with streptavidin (SAv) and biotinylated antibodies, the fabricated The demand for fast and ultratrace biomarkers detection is increasing in bioanalytical chemistry. In this work, highly ordered nanowires array and sensor integration are achieved with nanoscale printing approach. Negatively charged poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) doped with positively charged PEGylated biotin-derivatized polyelectrolytes results a direct biofunctionalization on the nanowire surface without multiple postmodification steps. It provides homogeneous dispersed biofunctional sites and nonfouling surface on the nanowires. The ordered nanowires array enables the immunosensor to detect biotargets quickly a...

An intelligent face mask integrated with high density conductive nanowire array for directly exhaled coronavirus aerosols screening

“…Besides, the increased surface area by the nanoscale electrodes improves the sensitivity as well as signal to noise ratio of the sensor( Liu et al, 2017 ). The molecular design of the bio-ink was introduced in detail in our previous work (see also the Supplementary Materials S1)( Xue et al, 2019 ). Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is negatively charged and polyelectrolytes (PLL-g-OEG4-Biotin) is positively charged, which leads to the direct formation of bio functionalized nanowires without multiple post modification steps ( Figure s1 ).…”

Toward the Development of Rapid, Specific, and Sensitive Microfluidic Sensors: A Comprehensive Device Blueprint

“…In addition to preserving functionality of the immobilized receptors, several techniques are being employed to improve receptor orientation after immobilization. , For instance, linker proteins such as protein A or protein G are commonly employed to bind to the F c -component of antibodies to ensure that the analyte binding domain, i.e., the F ab -component of the antibodies are accessible to the analytes reaching the reaction sites . More recently, owing to the high binding strength between streptavidin and biotin, receptors are being genetically engineered to consist of biotin domains on their tail ends that are subsequently able to bind to streptavidin-coated substrates. − …”

Humidity-Driven Transparent Holographic Free-Standing Polyelectrolyte Films

“…Polyelectrolyte complexation and coacervation products have been paid much attention in the last few decades − due to their properties as they are readily produced, environmentally friendly, and their synthesis corresponds to several principles of “green chemistry” (i.e., they do not require organic solvents). − These complexes can serve as a drug delivery system for enzymes and DNA because such molecules can readily be incorporated into polyelectrolyte (PE) complexes . These PE complexes can be also applied for membrane production, biosensor construction, , enzyme immobilization, and microcapsules preparation. − There are three classes of materials: coacervates, soluble complexes, and nonequilibrium complexes . Oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in aqueous solutions could form a liquid polymer phase, which is frequently named the complex coacervate, and a polymer-poor state. − Such complexes can form free-standing films .…”

“…We propose replacement of one of them for the weak polyelectrolyte to avoid rigidity. Additionally, the application of polymer free-standing film demands the incorporation of metal complexes and structures. ,− …”

“…4−9 These complexes can serve as a drug delivery system for enzymes and DNA because such molecules can readily be incorporated into polyelectrolyte (PE) complexes. 10 These PE complexes can be also applied for membrane production, 11 biosensor construction, 6,12 enzyme immobilization, and microcapsules preparation. 13−15 There are three classes of materials: coacervates, soluble complexes, and nonequilibrium complexes.…”