Printed Multi-EMG Electrodes on the 3D Surface of an Orthosis for Rehabilitation: A Feasibility Study

Abstract

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Aerosol‐Jet Printed Sensors for Environmental, Safety, and Health Monitoring: A Review

“…Printing sensors directly on temperature-sensitive materials for some applications, including SHM (e.g., poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) conduit [84] ) or wearable HPMs (e.g., poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), [85] polyurethane (PU), [85] and cellulose-based materials [86] ) therefore requires alternative strategies to conventional thermal curing methods, as discussed in further detail in the following section. [87] Although rigid glass [88][89][90] and silicon [40,47,74] substrates are classically employed for a wide range of AJP sensor modalities, flexible substrates including polymers (e.g., polyimide, [65,91,92] PET, [93][94][95] elastomers [96][97][98] ), cellulose-based materials [99][100][101] and even storebought bandages [102] are being progressively employed (see Figure 3a). For some flexible substrates (e.g., PET), the conformable morphology of these substrates coupled with the ancillary effect of transparency expands applications to future-forward ideas such as electronic skin and smart contact lenses.…”

“…In another recent study, a multi‐EMG electrode matrix was developed onto the 3D surface of a rehabilitation leg orthosis. [ 98 ] Composed of AJP‐deposited silver‐based electrodes and conductive traces, muscular activity was evaluated, with results demonstrating comparable trends to standard commercial EMG electrodes. It was noted that the time and frequency response of the printed electrodes could be further enhanced by improving adhesion and reducing electrode‐to‐skin contact impedance.…”

Fully Screen-Printed PI/PEG Blends Enabled Patternable Electrodes for Scalable Manufacturing of Skin-Conformal, Stretchable, Wearable Electronics

“…Undoubtedly, low-cost, scalable, patterned electrodes would unlock significant economic value for wearable products. Two printing methods, inkjet printing − and screen printing, − have widely been employed for fabricating thin, stretchable electrodes to avoid using expensive cleanroom techniques and reduce the overall fabrication complexity. Among the two printing methods, screen printing has an advantage in mass production since it is capable of printing out multiple arrays in a single step. , …”

Soft wearable flexible bioelectronics integrated with an ankle-foot exoskeleton for estimation of metabolic costs and physical effort

“…USBLS highlights laborers and freight, stock, and material movers are the most vulnerable class to have musculoskeletal injuries where overexertion from repetitive action involving squatting and lifting creates fatigue in workers causing MSDs 1 . Recent developments of wearable robots show great potential 2,3 in assisting industry workers, and many wearable robots target walking, squatting 4 , and running [5][6][7] by reducing required physical efforts 8 to reduce industrial risks and support post-injury rehabilitation 9,10 . Because user interaction with a wearable robot is always diverse in actual use, it ultimately requires an efficient biofeedback system to adjust the wearable robot for each user's need, called personalized assistance.…”