Printed, Soft, Nanostructured Strain Sensors for Monitoring of Structural Health and Human Physiology

Herbert, Robert; Lim, Hyo‐Ryoung; Yeo, Woon‐Hong

doi:10.1021/acsami.0c04857

Cited by 76 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Printed skin-attachable resistive strain sensors often adopt coplanar structures where electrodes and the sensing element are in the same layer. [56][57][58][59][60] Various piezoresistive materials, such as AgNWs, AgNPs, graphene, CNTs, CB, MXene, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), and aliphatic urethane diacrylates (AUD) are printed directly onto substrates as the sensing part. To increase the initial resistance and resistance change in a fixed area, these materials are often patterned into zigzag, ring, diamond, and fractal-inspired patterns.…”

Section: Resistive Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printed Strain Sensors for On‐Skin Electronics

Liu

Bhuiyan

et al. 2021

Small Structures

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This review aims to provide a timely survey at the intersection of skin-mountable strain sensors and printed electronics. The review is organized as follows: Sensing mechanisms employed in printed sensors are introduced in Section 2. In Section 3, various printing techniques and printed flexible and stretchable strain sensors are presented. In Section 4, the applications of printed strain sensors in healthcare, sports performance monitoring, and human-machine interfaces are reviewed. In the last section (Section 5), challenges and outlooks in this emerging field are discussed. Interested readers are referred to recent reviews on strain sensors for aspects that are not covered in this review. [8,9,29] Strain Sensing MechanismsVarious strain sensing mechanisms have been adopted for flexible and stretchable strain sensors, including capacitive, resistive, piezoelectric, triboelectric, and optical. [8,9,30,31] For printed skinattachable strain sensors, capacitive, resistive, and piezoelectric mechanisms are mostly used. [8,9] Materials, internal micro-/ nanostructures, and manufacturing methods are important factors that can influence the response of strain sensors. Conventional thin-foil strain gauges are typically based on geometrical changes, material piezoresistive effects, or piezoelectric effects. [8] With the development of highly stretchable strain sensors, new sensing mechanisms are proposed, including crack propagation, disconnection, and tunneling effect. [7][8][9]17,32] These sensing mechanisms are mainly based on resistance changes caused by strain-induced changes in micro/nanostructures. In this section, we will review these three sensing mechanisms for printed strain sensors (Figure 2). Capacitive EffectStrain sensors based on capacitive effects are basically deformable capacitors. Under tensile strain, the length in the strain direction increases while the cross-sectional area decreases due to the Poisson effect. The geometrical deformation under strain leads to the change in the capacitance. The initial capacitance of capacitive strain sensors is given by Figure 1. Overview of printed strain sensors for on-skin electronics. Clockwise from the top right image: Reproduced with permission.

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Section: Resistive Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printed Strain Sensors for On‐Skin Electronics

Liu

Bhuiyan

et al. 2021

Small Structures

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“…Smart stents with charge‐transfer‐controlling abilities are also developed. [ 101 ] It is difficult to know the internal condition and upcoming risks of the traditional cardiovascular stents after implantation. Smart stent which can convey information about its condition, render it possible to check the stent status whenever we want, and treatment to alleviate adverse biological effects can be conducted immediately.…”

Section: Advanced Designs Of Implants With Charge‐transfer Monitoring or Regulating Abilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomedical Implants with Charge‐Transfer Monitoring and Regulating Abilities

et al. 2021

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Transmembrane charge (ion/electron) transfer is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and is involved in many biological processes, from protein synthesis to embryonic development in organisms. Designing implant devices that can detect or regulate cellular transmembrane charge transfer is expected to sense and modulate the behaviors of host cells and tissues. Thus, charge transfer can be regarded as a bridge connecting living systems and human‐made implantable devices. This review describes the mode and mechanism of charge transfer between organisms and nonliving materials, and summarizes the strategies to endow implants with charge‐transfer regulating or monitoring abilities. Furthermore, three major charge‐transfer controlling systems, including wired, self‐activated, and stimuli‐responsive biomedical implants, as well as the design principles and pivotal materials are systematically elaborated. The clinical challenges and the prospects for future development of these implant devices are also discussed.

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“…Utilization of graphene and high temperature-based technique are time consuming and cost inefficient, thus may not be suitable for commercialization [23,24,37,[49][50][51]. In some other works [27,53], researchers utilized a screen printing technology, which is also suitable technique for commercialization. However, the SilverNW is considered as an unaffordable material for sensor fabrication, specifically for disposablepulse wave sensing system.…”

Section: F Agreement Test With Ppg Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

A Flexible Patch-Type Strain Sensor Based on Polyaniline for Continuous Monitoring of Pulse Waves

et al. 2020

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A flexible, patch-type strain sensor is described for continuous monitoring of pulse waves. The proposed sensor exploits the piezo-resistivity of the conductive polymer, polyaniline (PANI), to detect dynamic volume changes in blood vessels owing to pulse waves. The proposed PANI film was fabricated through electrodeposition, which is considered as a suitable low-cost technique for mass production in the sensor manufacturing industry. Thus, it is prospective for a disposable wearable sensing system solution in remote healthcare applications. Besides, a flexible sensor packaging can be achieved by laminating the PANI films and an ECOFLEX elastomer to the film bandage. The proposed PANI sensor has high sensitivity (gauge factor of 74.28) and linearity (R 2 = 0.99). It also showed a high correlation with commercially available photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor with the small bias and confidence interval to the PPG sensor: bias < 0.1% and confidence interval < 3% for all subjects. Moreover, the proposed PANI sensor was tested for prospective circulatory system-related applications such as measuring heart rate, stiffness index, and pulse transit time. Finally, the proposed study suggests that the proposed PANI sensor is a promising candidate for continuous, long-term, unobtrusive pulse wave monitoring, which can provide real-time insights into an individual's health status.

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Printed, Soft, Nanostructured Strain Sensors for Monitoring of Structural Health and Human Physiology

Cited by 76 publications

References 76 publications

Printed Strain Sensors for On‐Skin Electronics

Printed Strain Sensors for On‐Skin Electronics

Biomedical Implants with Charge‐Transfer Monitoring and Regulating Abilities

A Flexible Patch-Type Strain Sensor Based on Polyaniline for Continuous Monitoring of Pulse Waves

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