Prior Exercise Training Prevent Hyperglycemia in STZ Mice by Increasing Hepatic Glycogen and Mitochondrial Function on Skeletal Muscle

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. We investigated the effect of a prior 30 days voluntary exercise protocol on STZ-diabetic CF1 mice. Glycemia, and the liver and skeletal muscle glycogen, mitochondrial function, and redox status were analyzed up to 5 days after STZ injection. Animals were engaged in the following groups: Sedentary vehicle (Sed Veh), Sedentary STZ (Sed STZ), Exercise Vehicle (Ex Veh), and Exercise STZ (Ex STZ). Exercise prevented fasting hyperglycemia in the Ex STZ group. In the liver, there was decreased on glycogen level in Sed STZ group but not in EX STZ group. STZ groups showed decreased mitochondrial oxygen consumption compared to vehicle groups, whereas mitochondrial H O production was not different between groups. Addition of ADP to the medium did not decrease H O production in Sed STZ mice. Exercise increased GSH level. Sed STZ group increased nitrite levels compared to other groups. In quadriceps muscle, glycogen level was similar between groups. The Sed STZ group displayed decreased O consumption, and exercise prevented this reduction. The H O production was higher in Ex STZ when compared to other groups. Also, GSH level decreased whereas nitrite levels increased in the Sed STZ compared to other groups. The PGC1 α levels increased in Sed STZ, Ex Veh, and Ex STZ groups. In summary, prior exercise training prevents hyperglycemia in STZ-mice diabetic associated with increased liver glycogen storage, and oxygen consumption by the mitochondria of skeletal muscle implying in increased oxidative/biogenesis capacity, and improved redox status of both tissues. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 678-685, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Physical exercise and glaucoma: a review on the roles of physical exercise on intraocular pressure control, ocular blood flow regulation, neuroprotection and glaucoma‐related mental health

“…Four‐week exercise preconditioning on the free‐running wheel was found to prevent hyperglycaemia by enhancing mitochondrial function in skeletal muscles, in a mouse model of type I diabetes mellitus (de Carvalho et al. ). In the brain, exercise was found to increase resistance to MPTP, improve mitochondrial physiology, reduce ROS production and induce mitochondrial biogenesis (Marques‐Aleixo et al.…”

“…In humans, both HIT and moderate-intensity continuous training were found to relieve lymphocyte mitochondrial dysfunction via increasing membrane potential and enhancing matrix oxidant burden under hypoxic conditions (Tsai et al 2016). Fourweek exercise preconditioning on the free-running wheel was found to prevent hyperglycaemia by enhancing mitochondrial function in skeletal muscles, in a mouse model of type I diabetes mellitus (de Carvalho et al 2016). In the brain, exercise was found to increase resistance to MPTP, improve mitochondrial physiology, reduce ROS production and induce mitochondrial biogenesis (Marques-Aleixo et al 2015;Taghizadeh et al 2016).…”

The Effects of Exercise Training on Glucose Homeostasis and Muscle Metabolism in Type 1 Diabetic Female Mice

“…Previous studies in male rodents exposed to voluntary running wheels for 6–8 weeks showed improvements in blood glucose control [ 23 , 24 ]. In addition, exposure to voluntary wheel running for 4 weeks prior to injections of STZ was effective in preventing fasting hyperglycemia in male mice [ 19 ]. Since voluntary wheel running is a training modality without a fixed intensity or duration, perhaps a total volume of physical activity represents a more appropriate method to control hyperglycemia.…”

“…Clinical data support the notion that exercise improves glycemic control in diabetic male patients [ 18 ]. In animal models, exercise training protocols using voluntary wheel or treadmill running from 4 to 12 weeks have been reported to improve blood glucose homeostasis and counteract the negative effects of T1D in male rodents [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. However, whether exercise training has similar effects in females with T1D is not clear from the existing literature.…”

The Impacts of Physical Exercises, Dynamic Activities and Isometric Exercises on Intraocular Pressure of Eye: A Review

“…By boosting membrane potential and matrix oxidant load under hypoxic settings, HIT and moderate-intensity continuous training have both been demonstrated to improve lymphocyte mitochondrial dysfunction in humans [142]. Four weeks of exercise preconditioning on the free-running wheel were found to reduce hyperglycemia in a mouse model of type I diabetes by enhancing skeletal muscle mitochondrial activity [143].…”