Prioritizing smallholder animal health needs in East Africa, West Africa, and South Asia using three approaches: Literature review, expert workshops, and practitioner surveys

Campbell, Zoë; Coleman, P. G.; Guest, Andrea; Kushwaha, Peetambar; Ramuthivheli, Thembinkosi; Osebe, Tom; Perry, Brian D.; Salt, Jeremy

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105279

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 479 publications

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“…In contrast to a disease with such obviously devastating impacts, it can be challenging to demonstrate the overall importance of eradicating diseases with low mortality or that primarily affect animals of lower individual value or that are relied on mainly by individuals in poverty-stricken regions [519,612]. Approaches that include participatory epidemiology and studies focusing on the impact on small stakeholders could help address these issues [3,271,652,653].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transboundary Animal Diseases, an Overview of 17 Diseases with Potential for Global Spread and Serious Consequences

Clemmons

Alfson

Dutton

2021

Animals

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Animals provide food and other critical resources to most of the global population. As such, diseases of animals can cause dire consequences, especially disease with high rates of morbidity or mortality. Transboundary animal diseases (TADs) are highly contagious or transmissible, epidemic diseases, with the potential to spread rapidly across the globe and the potential to cause substantial socioeconomic and public health consequences. Transboundary animal diseases can threaten the global food supply, reduce the availability of non-food animal products, or cause the loss of human productivity or life. Further, TADs result in socioeconomic consequences from costs of control or preventative measures, and from trade restrictions. A greater understanding of the transmission, spread, and pathogenesis of these diseases is required. Further work is also needed to improve the efficacy and cost of both diagnostics and vaccines. This review aims to give a broad overview of 17 TADs, providing researchers and veterinarians with a current, succinct resource of salient details regarding these significant diseases. For each disease, we provide a synopsis of the disease and its status, species and geographic areas affected, a summary of in vitro or in vivo research models, and when available, information regarding prevention or treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transboundary Animal Diseases, an Overview of 17 Diseases with Potential for Global Spread and Serious Consequences

Clemmons

Alfson

Dutton

2021

Animals

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“…Indeed, in this study, there was a wide variation of disease list lengths (number of listed diseases) between countries whatever the prioritization method used. Prioritization processes were held during a workshop (or focus group discussion and surveys) following a preparation period lasting several months and deeply relying on local partners’ engagement and implication of technical and financial partners [ 3 , 10 , 35 , 36 ]. Criteria identification and/or weighing or disease classification based on previously identified criteria were performed by the selected participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, at the local level despite not being diseases properly speaking, ectoparasite infestations were top ranked, followed by known diseases or syndromes such as contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), foot and mouth disease (FMD), blackleg, bloody diarrhea, and pasteurellosis [ 35 ]. Similarly, at national/regional levels, the top constraints that emerged from a prioritization process including three approaches (literature review, expert workshops, and para-veterinarian practitioner surveys) were endo/ectoparasites, FMD, brucellosis, peste des petits ruminants, Newcastle disease, avian influenza, contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, mastitis, reproductive disorders, and nutrition constraints [ 36 ]. The listing of endo/ectoparasite infestations and nutrition constraints as major animal health problems in farming communities shows that more research is required to better understand and bridge the differences between decision makers and the farmers about their perception of disease impacts [ 75 ] for efficient animal and zoonotic disease prevention and control at all levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, as far as stakeholders are concerned, in addition to area of expertise and multisectoral considerations, prioritization processes should go down to the field or community health practitioners and representative of farmers. Such an approach should make sure to minimize stakeholder-driven prioritization biases, and funding/research priorities should align with improving the welfare of smallholder livestock keepers while taking into consideration human and environmental health interests [ 36 , 76 ] by therefore mitigating subjectivity (individual or group), enhancing transparency needed for disease prioritization exercises, and combining both natural and social sciences research during prioritization processes [ 5 ]. Yet disease prioritization processes should be updated as new information affecting drivers or criteria measurements arises [ 2 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Critical Systematic Review of Zoonoses and Transboundary Animal Diseases’ Prioritization in Africa

et al. 2021

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Background: Disease prioritization aims to enhance resource use efficiency concerning human and animal health systems’ preparedness and response to the most important problems for the optimization of beneficial outcomes. In sub-Sahara Africa (SSA), several prioritizations of zoonoses and transboundary animal diseases (TADs) have been implemented at different scales to characterize potential disease impacts. Method and principal findings: In this systematic review, we analyze the methodologies used, outcomes, and their relevance by discussing criteria required to align decision-makers’ perceptions of impacts to those of other stakeholders for different prioritization in SSA. In general, the sectorial representativeness of stakeholders for processes implemented with the support of international partners showed slight differences with the absence of local stakeholders. Whatever the tool prioritized, zoonoses were similar in general because of the structured nature of those tools in assessing decision-makers’ preferences through value trade-offs between criteria while ensuring transparency and reproducibility. However, by involving field practitioners and farmers, there were different outcomes with processes concerning only decision makers and experts who were more sensitive to infectious TADs, while the former raised parasitic disease constraints. In this context, multicriteria decision analysis-based zoonoses and TADs prioritizations involving a balanced participation of stakeholders might contribute to bridging these divergences, whatever the scale. Conclusion and significance: Prioritization processes were important steps toward building and harmonizing technical laboratory and surveillance networks to coordinate projects to address priority zoonoses and TADs at the country and/or sub-regional level. Those processes should be enhanced.

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“…H. contortus , an abomasal parasite of small ruminants, was chosen due to its veterinary importance and a number of experimental advantages it offers, including availability of large numbers of infective L3 and the ability to culture exsheathed L3 (xL3) to “parasitic” L4s. H. contortus feeds on blood and is one of the most detrimental pathogens of small ruminants, which are important resources for nutrition and commerce in many developing regions of the world [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. The propensity of H. contortus to rapidly acquire anthelmintic resistance makes advances to control this parasite highly important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Death and Transcriptional Responses Induced in Larvae of the Nematode Haemonchus contortus by Toxins/Toxicants with Broad Phylogenetic Efficacy

2021

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Establishing methods to investigate treatments that induce cell death in parasitic nematodes will promote experimental approaches to elucidate mechanisms and to identify prospective anthelmintics capable of inducing this outcome. Here, we extended recent progress on a method to monitor cell death and to identify small molecule inhibitors in Ascaris suum to Haemonchus contortus, a phylogenetically distant parasitic nematode of significance for both human and agricultural animal health. We utilized a diverse group of small molecule inhibitors referred to as nematode intestinal toxins/toxicants (NITs) coupled with motility, cytological and cell death assays to resolve gross effects on motility and individual cells and organ systems of two H. contortus larval stages in culture. Early transcriptional response evaluation identified NIT-responsive genes and pathways. The scope of death among cells in larvae varied among NITs but shared patterns with A. suum, despite the approach having some limitations due to characteristics of H. contortus larvae. Gene response patterns varied among NITs tested and provided information on the cell targets and pathways affected. Experimental NIT assays provide tools capable of inducing cell death in larval stages of parasitic nematodes, and can resolve many individual cells and organ systems in which cell death can be induced.

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Prioritizing smallholder animal health needs in East Africa, West Africa, and South Asia using three approaches: Literature review, expert workshops, and practitioner surveys

Cited by 24 publications

References 479 publications

Transboundary Animal Diseases, an Overview of 17 Diseases with Potential for Global Spread and Serious Consequences

Transboundary Animal Diseases, an Overview of 17 Diseases with Potential for Global Spread and Serious Consequences

Critical Systematic Review of Zoonoses and Transboundary Animal Diseases’ Prioritization in Africa

Cell Death and Transcriptional Responses Induced in Larvae of the Nematode Haemonchus contortus by Toxins/Toxicants with Broad Phylogenetic Efficacy

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