Priority-based Assignment with Reserves and Quotas

Abdulkadiroğlu, Atila; Grigoryan, Aram

doi:10.3386/w28689

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Beyond the specific context of reserve system design, our paper relates to the large literature on market design under various classes of distributional constraints such as lower quotas, upper quotas, and regional quotas. A partial list includes Abdulkadiroglu (2005), Biro, Fleiner, Irving, and Manlove (2010), Kojima (2012), Budish, Che, Kojima, and Mil-grom (2013), Westkamp (2013), Ehlers, Hafalir, Yenmez, and Yildirim (2014), Echenique and Yenmez (2015), Kamada and Kojima (2015, Bo (2016), Dogan (2016), Fragiadakis and Troyan (2017), and Abdulkadiroglu and Grigoryan (2021). Our paper is also related to the literature studying the formal properties of allocation processes in the field.…”

Section: Relation To Literature On Market Designmentioning

confidence: 97%

Immigration Lottery Design: Engineered and Coincidental Consequences of H-1B Reforms

Pathak¹,

Sönmez²

2020

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In 2005, the U.S. Congress legislated that the H-1B visa program create 20,000 annual slots reserved for advanced-degree applicants. Since then, the U.S. Customs and Immigration Service (USCIS) has used visa allocation rules that comply with this legislation. Following a directive in the April 2017 Buy American and Hire American Executive Order by President Trump, USCIS tweaked its H-1B visa allocation rule in 2019. While remaining in compliance with the legislation set forth in 2005, the USCIS estimated that the 2019 rule change would increase the number of higher-skill awards by more than 5,000 annually at the expense of lower-skill awards. The rule change was explicitly engineered for this objective. In this paper we characterize all visa allocation rules that comply with the 2005 legislation and use this framework to analyze the rules that have been deployed in the interim. Despite specifying rigid caps, we show that the legislation permits a range of rules that can change the number of high-skill awards by as many as 14,000 in an average year. Of all rules that comply with the legislation, the 2019 rule adopted by the Trump administration maximizes the rate of high-skill awards and minimizes the rate of low-skill awards. However, two previous and relatively unknown changes to the H-1B visa allocation rule resulted in more substantial changes to this distribution. These earlier reforms, however, were motivated by logistical considerations, potentially without understanding of their distributional consequences.

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Section: Relation To Literature On Market Designmentioning

confidence: 97%

Immigration Lottery Design: Engineered and Coincidental Consequences of H-1B Reforms

Pathak¹,

Sönmez²

2020

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“…They have become popular in large cities like New York in recent years. Recent evidence suggests they may be effective in reducing segregation (Abdulkadiroğlu and Grigoryan, 2021), although competition from private schools opting out of the assignment mechanism may pose a threat to that end (Kutscher et al, 2020). Future research should further assess their impact on segregation and other outcomes.…”

Section: Breaking School Districts: Busing School Vouchers and Algori...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Housing, Neighborhoods, and Inequality

Chapelle,

Domènech-Arumí,

Gobbi

2023

Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics

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This chapter provides an up-to-date review of the literature on housing, inequality, and neighborhoods while highlighting their many intersections. Inequality across and within countries is generally high and growing, particularly in terms of wealth. Levels and trends in inequality depend on multiple factors, such as institutions and varying exposure to shocks, and cannot be understood without accounting for the role of housing. Housing is a major component of households' expenditures and the most important and evenly distributed asset in the population. Moreover, regional inequalities may not be as severe as they initially appear after accounting for differences in housing costs across geographies. Conversely, the negative outlook on these inequalities may be exacerbated when considering the implications of households' uneven sorting within cities -with the most disadvantaged individuals predominantly residing in neighborhoods with lower-quality local public goods and amenities. Sorting endogenously arises due to multiple factors and impacts the dynamics and persistence of inequality through neighborhood effects, with schools playing a crucial role. National housing policies and interventions at the local level can help revert segregation and undesirable inequality dynamics. Housing allowances, tax incentives to build affordable housing in high-income neighborhoods, and school desegregation policies appear to be the most promising avenues to that goal. policies desegregating schools appear to be the most effective in combating segregation and undesirable social mobility dynamics.

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