Priority of access to food and its influence on social dynamics of an endangered carnivore

Jordan, Neil R.; Golabek, Krystyna A.; Behr, Dominik M.; Walker, Reena H.; Plimpton, Laura D; Lostrom, Samantha; Claase, Megan; Weyde, Leanne K. Van der; McNutt, J. Weldon

doi:10.1007/s00265-021-03115-z

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In other species, subordinates approach food sources earlier to gain access to the resource before more dominant animals exclude them. For example, subordinate African painted dogs ( Lycaon pictus ) may engage in hunts more often so that they can eat before the dominant pair and the pups (Jordan et al., 2022). Willow tits ( Poecile montanus ), a close relative to chickadees found in Europe and Asia, are more likely to arrive first at a foraging site and are also the most subordinate species within the mixed‐species flock (Suzuki & Kutsukake, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single‐species and multi‐species playbacks elicit asymmetrical responses within mixed‐species chickadee, titmouse, and nuthatch flocks

Brooks,

Freeberg

2024

Ethology

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Individuals join mixed‐species groups to gain benefits such as improved foraging and predator detection. Birds in the family Paridae often drive mixed‐species flocking in North America, and these species can act as community informants for forest‐wide eavesdropping networks. Although we know a great deal about how this communication functions in anti‐predator contexts, less is known about how the vocalizations of members of these flocks may affect the foraging behavior of potential flockmates. In this study, we presented naturally occurring mixed‐species flocks of chickadees, titmice, and nuthatches with one of four playback conditions: chickadee‐only calls, nuthatch‐only calls, calls of both species, and a silent control. We hypothesized that the flocks would be most responsive to playbacks that contained calls from more than one species. We also tested an alternative hypothesis that predicted that birds would be most responsive to the nuclear species within the flock (chickadees). We found that birds were more likely to arrive, and arrived more quickly, for the playbacks with calls from both species compared to playbacks of nuthatches alone or the silent control. Playbacks of chickadee calls alone attracted an intermediate number of birds, which did not differ significantly from the mixed‐species flock condition, or the nuthatch call alone condition. Our hypotheses were not supported due to the lack of significant difference between the mixed‐species playbacks and the chickadee playbacks. However, our findings do indicate that different species in these flocks can react differently to the calls of members of these flocks and that future studies may continue to find asymmetries in attraction to these different social signals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Single‐species and multi‐species playbacks elicit asymmetrical responses within mixed‐species chickadee, titmouse, and nuthatch flocks

Brooks,

Freeberg

2024

Ethology

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“…Dominance was identified through attributes such as tandem overmarking (see Jordan et al., 2013 ), mate guarding and mating, and resting together. Additionally dominants generally eat first at kills, with the exception of the individual that made the kill and the young pups (Jordan et al., 2022 ), and dominants are usually the focus of pre‐departure rallies, a highly social greeting ceremony (Robbins, 2000 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size matters: Natural experiments suggest the dear enemy effect is moderated by pack size in African wild dogs

Claase,

Cherry,

McNutt

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Remote monitoring of communal marking sites, or latrines, provides a unique opportunity to observe undisturbed scent marking behaviour of African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus). We used remote camera trap observations in a natural experiment to test behavioural scent mark responses to rivals (either familiar neighbours or unfamiliar strangers), to determine whether wild dogs exhibit the “dear enemy” or “nasty neighbour” response. Given that larger groups of wild dogs represent a greater threat to smaller groups, including for established residents, we predicted that the overarching categories “dear enemy” vs. “nasty neighbour” may be confounded by varying social statuses that exists between individual dyads interacting. Using the number of overmarks as a metric, results revealed an interaction between sender and receiver group size irrespective of familiarity consistent with this prediction: in general, individuals from large resident packs overmarked large groups more than they overmarked smaller groups, whereas individuals from smaller packs avoided overmarking larger groups, possibly to avoid detection. Monitoring a natural system highlights variables such as pack size that may be either overlooked or controlled during scent presentation experiments, influencing our ability to gain insights into the factors determining territorial responses to rivals.

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“…For instance, the active and passive recruitment of groupmates leads to numerical superiority of predators. This subsequently aids group hunters in carcass defence, facilitates the early detection of competitors (con‐ or heterospecific), and may also determine age‐ or dominance‐based feeding structures (Cooper, 1991; Fanshawe & Fitzgibbon, 1993; Creel, 2001; Vucetich et al ., 2004; Jordan et al ., 2022). However, as these mechanisms pertain to between‐group competition and not specifically to predator–prey interactions, these post‐capture interactions are outside the scope of this review.…”

Section: Mechanisms Within Hunt Stagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of group‐hunting in vertebrates

et al. 2023

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Group‐hunting is ubiquitous across animal taxa and has received considerable attention in the context of its functions. By contrast much less is known about the mechanisms by which grouping predators hunt their prey. This is primarily due to a lack of experimental manipulation alongside logistical difficulties quantifying the behaviour of multiple predators at high spatiotemporal resolution as they search, select, and capture wild prey. However, the use of new remote‐sensing technologies and a broadening of the focal taxa beyond apex predators provides researchers with a great opportunity to discern accurately how multiple predators hunt together and not just whether doing so provides hunters with a per capita benefit. We incorporate many ideas from collective behaviour and locomotion throughout this review to make testable predictions for future researchers and pay particular attention to the role that computer simulation can play in a feedback loop with empirical data collection. Our review of the literature showed that the breadth of predator:prey size ratios among the taxa that can be considered to hunt as a group is very large (<100 to >102). We therefore synthesised the literature with respect to these predator:prey ratios and found that they promoted different hunting mechanisms. Additionally, these different hunting mechanisms are also related to particular stages of the hunt (search, selection, capture) and thus we structure our review in accordance with these two factors (stage of the hunt and predator:prey size ratio). We identify several novel group‐hunting mechanisms which are largely untested, particularly under field conditions, and we also highlight a range of potential study organisms that are amenable to experimental testing of these mechanisms in connection with tracking technology. We believe that a combination of new hypotheses, study systems and methodological approaches should help push the field of group‐hunting in new directions.

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Priority of access to food and its influence on social dynamics of an endangered carnivore

Cited by 11 publications

References 67 publications

Single‐species and multi‐species playbacks elicit asymmetrical responses within mixed‐species chickadee, titmouse, and nuthatch flocks

Single‐species and multi‐species playbacks elicit asymmetrical responses within mixed‐species chickadee, titmouse, and nuthatch flocks

Size matters: Natural experiments suggest the dear enemy effect is moderated by pack size in African wild dogs

Mechanisms of group‐hunting in vertebrates

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