Prison rape and psychological sequelae: A call for research.

Neal, Tess M. S.; Clements, Carl B.

doi:10.1037/a0019448

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In fact, appropriate care may have reduced aggressive inmate behavior inside correctional facilities, and well-managed mental illness has been shown to decrease recidivism upon release, as well as decrease victimization inside the facility. 48 Telepsychiatry is a way to provide this much needed care that is cost-effective, easily implemented, and accepted by providers and inmates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Telepsychiatry in Correctional Facilities: Using Technology to Improve Access and Decrease Costs of Mental Health Care in Underserved Populations

Deslich

Thistlethwaite²,

Coustasse

2013

TPJ

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Telepsychiatry in Correctional Facilities: Using Technology to Improve Access and Decrease Costs of Mental Health Care in Underserved Populations

Deslich

Thistlethwaite²,

Coustasse

2013

TPJ

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“…Reliable prevalence estimates of rape in prison are difficult to obtain: sexual assault is often underreported due to stigma and fear of physical or verbal attacks from other inmates and prison guards, especially among LGBT inmates (Radford, 2007; Neal & Clements, 2010). However, a recent national inmate survey of sexual assault reported by inmates in 2011–12 estimated that 4% of all prison inmates experienced sexual victimization from other inmates, and 2.4% experienced sexual misconduct from prison staff, with women, non-heterosexual inmates, and inmates with a history of sexual victimization reporting higher rates (Beck et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV risk inside U.S. prisons: a systematic review of risk reduction interventions conducted in U.S. prisons

2016

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HIV prevalence in correctional populations is approximately five times that of the general adult population. This systematic review examines the broad question of HIV prevention and interventions to reduce inmate HIV-related risk behaviors in U.S. federal and state prisons. We conducted a systematic review of multiple databases and Google Scholar to identify behavioral, biomedical, social, and policy studies related to HIV among U.S. prison populations from 1980 – 2014. Studies were excluded if they did not focus on HIV, prison inmates, if they were conducted outside of the U.S., if they involved juvenile offenders, or if they included post-release outcomes. Twenty-seven articles met the study criteria. Evidence suggests that research related to the HIV care continuum, risk behaviors, gender, prevention (e.g., peer education), and policy are key topics to enhance HIV prevention interventions in the criminal justice system. This review provides a prison-specific overview of HIV in U.S. correctional populations and highlight effective interventions, including inmate peer education. There is an urgent need to continue to implement HIV prevention interventions across all prisons and improve the quality of life among those at heightened risk of HIV infection.

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“…Also vastly understudied is the extent to which key demographic factors such as age, race/ethnicity, and HIV status are associated with victimization risks in TGD people while incarcerated. In light of the fact that experiencing victimization in correctional facilities has been shown to contribute to poor physical and mental health among TGD people (Neal & Clements, 2010;Reisner, White Hughto et al, 2015a;Reisner, White Hughto, et al, 2016b;White Hughto et al, 2015, understanding which TGD subgroups may be at greatest risk for victimization while incarcerated could help correctional institutions to implement policies aimed at protecting the most vulnerable TGD people. It also provides law-enforcement professionals with a better understanding of how victimization and related risk behaviors may place TGD individuals at-risk for incarceration and resultant negative health sequelae.…”

Section: Np23079mentioning

confidence: 99%

Victimization Within and Beyond the Prison Walls: A Latent Profile Analysis of Transgender and Gender Diverse Adults

Hughto

Clark

Daken

et al. 2022

J Interpers Violence

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Background: Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people are disproportionately incarcerated in the United States relative to the general population. A dearth of quantitative research has explored victimization as a risk factor for incarceration as well as the victimization experiences of formerly incarcerated TGD populations. Methods: In 2019, 574 TGD adults completed an online survey assessing sociodemographics, victimization across settings, and incarceration history. Latent class analysis was used to identify two sets of latent subgroups based on respondent's victimization experiences: 1) lifetime victimization (low; moderate; and high) and 2) classes of victimization while incarcerated (low; moderate; and high). Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses examined sociodemographic, mental health, and lifetime victimization experiences associated with lifetime incarceration (Outcome 1). Among those with incarceration histories, bivariate hierarchical logistic regression analyses also explored the association between gender identity, race/ethnicity, HIV status, visual gender non-conformity, and class of victimization during incarceration (Outcome 2) . Results: Participants’ mean age was 31.4 ( SD = 11.2), 43.4% had a non-binary gender identity, 81.5% were White, non-Hispanic, 2.1% were living with HIV, and 13.2% had been incarcerated. In the multivariable model for Outcome 1, high levels of victimization, age, being a racial/ethnic minority, being a trans woman, living with HIV, and past-12-month polysubstance use were all associated with increased odds of lifetime incarceration ( p-values < 0.05). In the bivariate hierarchical logistic regression analyses for Outcome 2, living with HIV and having a visually gender non-conforming expression were significantly associated with elevated odds of experiencing high levels of victimization while incarcerated ( p-values < 0.05). Conclusion: Findings document the relationships between victimization and incarceration among TGD people as well as identify the subpopulations at greater risk for incarceration and experiencing victimization while incarcerated. Efforts are needed to prevent victimization across the life course, including while incarcerated and support TGD individuals in coping with the negative sequelae of victimization and incarceration experiences.

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Prison rape and psychological sequelae: A call for research.

Abstract: Acknowledgement: Thanks to the three anonymous reviewers for providing helpful and

Cited by 20 publications

References 40 publications

Telepsychiatry in Correctional Facilities: Using Technology to Improve Access and Decrease Costs of Mental Health Care in Underserved Populations

Telepsychiatry in Correctional Facilities: Using Technology to Improve Access and Decrease Costs of Mental Health Care in Underserved Populations

HIV risk inside U.S. prisons: a systematic review of risk reduction interventions conducted in U.S. prisons

Victimization Within and Beyond the Prison Walls: A Latent Profile Analysis of Transgender and Gender Diverse Adults

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