Privacy by Design: an alternative to existing practice in safeguarding privacy

Abstract

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop/elaborate the concept Privacy by Design (PbD) and to explore the validity of the PbD framework.Design/methodology/approachAttention for alternative concepts, such as PbD, which might offer surplus value in safeguarding privacy, is growing. Using PbD to design for privacy in ICT systems is still rather underexplored and requires substantial conceptual and empirical work to be done. The methodology includes conceptual analysis, empirical validation (focus groups and interviews) and technological testing (a technical demonstrator was build).FindingsA holistic PbD approach can offer surplus value in better safeguarding of privacy without losing functional requirements. However, the implementation is not easily realised and confronted with several difficulties such as: potential lack of economic incentives, legacy systems, lack of adoption of trust of end‐users and consumers in PbD.Originality/valueThe article brings together/incorporates several contemporary insights on privacy protection and privacy by design and develops/presents a holistic framework for Privacy by Design framework consisting of five building blocks.

E-Government Portal Characteristics and Individual Appeal: An Examination of E-Government and Citizen Acceptance in the Context of Local Administration Portals

“…Concerning privacy, the empirical findings support the findings of prior studies, showing that perceived privacy is a crucial factor that needs to be maintained (cf. Cavoukian, 2010;Van Lieshout et al, 2011) and constantly observed by responsible public servants. In summary, these four concepts possess good explanatory power of e-government portal acceptance, which shows a coefficient of determination of 0.661, and thus, a moderate to nearly substantial value (cf.…”

“…Moreover, privacy, ease of use, and usefulness aspects are the fundamental basis for each e-government undertaking, since available government services to citizens represent critical points of contact between public administrations and citizens (cf. Cavoukian, 2010;Sacco, 2007;Van Lieshout et al, 2011). In this context, responsible e-government officers should also keep in mind to evaluate if service access becomes designed in a search or exploration/discovery approach.…”

“…This is in line with findings from e-commerce that "the analyses show that trust in the internet is particularly influenced by the security perceived by consumers regarding the handling of their private data" (Flavián & Guinalíu, 2006, p. 601), and that privacy is a crucial factor that needs to be maintained (cf. Cavoukian, 2010;Van Lieshout, Kool, van Schoonhoven, & Jonge, 2011). In this regard, especially for transactional offers to be successful, a minimum level of trust is required, which can be conceptually divided into trust in the institution and trust in technology (Bélanger & Carter, 2008).…”

Community clouds within M-commerce: a privacy by design perspective

“…Security is also of significance within context of m-commerce and cloud, and this takes into account the development of mobile technology for enhancing usability and increasing security [22]. However, this may not always be possible due to implementation challenges, including a lack of economic incentives and a lack of acceptance by PbD end users in commerce [8,23]. In addition, the research highlights the following:…”

“…Confidentiality and user privacy are important parts of PETs [46]. The combination must consider efficiency, usability, and privacy [23]. This is evident in the mobile agent security problem where greater emphasis is required on encryption [47].…”