Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in acute ischemic stroke and their relation to early neurological deficit and stroke outcome

Kes, Vanja Bašić; Šimundić, Ana-Maria; Nikolac, Nora; Topić, Elizabeta; Demarin, Vida

doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.08.080

Cited by 121 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Allan et al [37] reported that in infants undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass, higher postoperative IL-6 and IL-8 plasma concentrations were associated with longer ICU stay and higher 24-hour lactate and correlated with greater postoperative severity of illness. Other clinical studies on different ischemic conditions such stroke also reported early (<24 h) and sustained (up to 7 days) increases in plasma levels of IL-6 and these correlated with neurocognitive outcome [38][39][40][41][42]. Consistent with this, decreased level of TNF-α, has been reported to correlate with improved efficacy of protective strategies after ischemia [43].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor suppresses early inflammatory response of striatum in a cardiopulmonary bypass-circulatory arrest model of ischemic brain injury in newborn piglets

Pastuszko¹,

Schears²,

Kubin³

et al. 2013

WJCD

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We investigated the effect of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) on expression of pro-and anti-inflammatory proteins in the striatum of newborn piglet brain following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). Piglets were placed on CPB, cooled to 18˚C, subjected to 30 min of DHCA and 1 h of low-flow (20 ml/kg/min), rewarmed to 37˚C, separated from CPB circuit and monitored for 2 h. Striatum was then isolated for protein analysis. The levels of proteins are presented relative to the mean in the control group (mean ± SEM, n = 6). DHCA increased the levels of pro-inflammatory proteins: IL-1alpha (158%  23%, P = 0.05), IL-6 (152%  16%, P = 0.03), TNF-alpha (144%  2%, P = 0.003), MIP-3 alpha (148%  12.6%, P = 0.03), NAP-3 (216%  16%, P = 0.05), GRO (165%  19%, P = 0.03) and BLC (140.4  15%, P = 0.05). Compared to DHCA, the G-CSF-treated group had significantly decreased levels of IL-6 (110.8%  11% vs. 152%  16%, P = 0.05), TNF-alpha (120.6%  5.4% vs. 144%  2%, P = 0.001), MIP-3 alpha (148%  12.6% vs. 104.8%  13%, P = 0.02) and NAP-2 (216%  16% vs. 122%  23%, P = 0.002). The levels of anti-inflammatory proteins did not change in DHCA group compared to control, except for VEGF which decreased to 37.5%  9%, P = 0.003. The levels of all protective proteins in the G-CSF group increased versus the DHCA group, but the increases did not attain a P value of 0.05. Conclusions: In an immature brain subjected to circulatory arrest, the early inflammatory response in the striatum is diminished by pretreatment with G-CSF.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor suppresses early inflammatory response of striatum in a cardiopulmonary bypass-circulatory arrest model of ischemic brain injury in newborn piglets

Pastuszko¹,

Schears²,

Kubin³

et al. 2013

WJCD

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“…The function of IL-6 during ischemia is controversial. Numerous studies have demonstrated that IL-6 is correlated to infarct volume, stroke severity and stroke recovery [17,27,28]. Some reports indicate that the IL-6 level has no correlation with long-term outcome in stroke patient [29,30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upregulation of cytokines and chemokines is observed in brain tissue and blood, which enhances secondary brain injury [15,16,17]. IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-8 are closely related to the upregulated chemokines and adhesion molecules in ischemia-induced inflammatory response, and they further exacerbate cerebral injury [5,18,19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocktail Blood Biomarkers: Prediction of Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

et al. 2012

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Background: Timely prediction of stroke outcomes is important for proper personalized treatment. In the present study, we aimed to develop cocktail blood biomarkers to increase prediction efficiency using a combination of hemostasis, inflammatory and repair-related biomarkers. Methods: 105 patients suffering from acute ischemic stroke were divided into good outcome group and poor outcome group by modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Cytokines including CD40L, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17 and TNF-α, as well as hemostasis markers fibrinogen, fibrin degradation products (FDP), D-dimer, tissue plasminogen activator, and plasminogen activation inhibitor-1 in plasma were examined by ELISA. Repair-related biomarker microRNA-210 (miR-210) was measured by real-time PCR. The prediction efficiency was explored by receiver operator characteristic analysis. Results: We demonstrated that FDP, IL-6 and miR-210 levels were closely associated with mRS in stroke patients. The prediction sensitivity of FDP, IL-6 and miR-210 for stroke outcome was 72.0, 86.7 and 82.5%, respectively. Using a combination of biomarkers including FDP, IL-6 and miR-210, the prognostic sensitivity of ischemic stroke increased to 95.2%. Conclusion: The combination of FDP, IL-6 and miR-210 has a high sensitivity for predicting stroke recovery, it serves as a potential cocktail blood biomarker. It provides a novel approach for stroke prognosis.

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“…TNF-α also induces xanthine oxidase, cyclooxygenase, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase. Through these activities, TNF-α irrigates local blood vessels, promotes inflammation, thrombosis and bleeding in these vessels, which contribute to pathogenesis of ischemic injury [25]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of TLR9 Pathway in Warm Ischemia in Porcine Donor Liver after Cardiac Death

Shao

Jiao

et al. 2017

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Objective: To investigate effect of warm ischemia after cardiac death on activation of TLR9 pathway in porcine liver. Methods: Donor of cardiac death (DCD) model was established with Duroc, Landrace, Large White crossbred pigs. Liver tissues from the animals were harvested at 0, 5, 10, 15, 25 and 30 minutes after warm ischemia for analysis of expression of TLR9, IRF7, IFN-β, and TNF-α at mRNA and protein levels by real-time PCR and western blot, respectively, and for assessment of NF-κB/DNA binding activity by western blot detection of p65 protein. Results: Ischemia induced TLR9, IRF7, IFN-β, and TNF-α expression at both mRNA and protein levels in an ischemic time dependent manner. Among them, expression of TNF-α and IFN- β was induced later than TLR9 and IRF7 did. Ischemia also enhanced NF-κB binding to DNA in the DCD liver tissue. Pretreatment with iCpG specifically blocked activation of TLR9 pathway triggered by ischemia in liver and protected the animals from ischemia-caused liver tissue damage. Conclusion: Warm ischemia activates TLR9 pathways in the porcine liver tissue. Blocking TLR9 pathway could offer protection from ischemia-caused liver tissue in DCD liver transplantation.

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Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in acute ischemic stroke and their relation to early neurological deficit and stroke outcome

Cited by 121 publications

References 27 publications

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor suppresses early inflammatory response of striatum in a cardiopulmonary bypass-circulatory arrest model of ischemic brain injury in newborn piglets

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor suppresses early inflammatory response of striatum in a cardiopulmonary bypass-circulatory arrest model of ischemic brain injury in newborn piglets

Cocktail Blood Biomarkers: Prediction of Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Prevention of TLR9 Pathway in Warm Ischemia in Porcine Donor Liver after Cardiac Death

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