Pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) and total count  lymphocyte profiles in COVID-19 patients with different  severity levels

Sari, Shinta Dewi Permata; Mawanti, Wening Tri; Martalena, Dewi; Listiyaningsih, Erlin; Avissa, Rizkyana; Latifah, Rini; Sukarya, Wawang S

doi:10.19106/jmedsci005303202101

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 13 publications

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“…A cytokine storm damages the lungs, leading to ARDS and worsening the patient's clinical condition. 31 The analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in IL-6 levels between COVID-19 patients at Dr. M.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Differences in IL-6 Levels Based on Clinical Severity and Outcome of COVID-19 Patients at Dr. M. Djamil Hospital

Morfi,

Sabri,

Mizarti

2023

Respir Scie

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ground: A cytokine storm is defined by elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6). In COVID-19 infection, IL-6 is superior to C-reactive protein (CRP) and other inflammatory markers in predicting respiratory failure. The IL-6 is the main cytokine triggered by T cells when a cytokine storm occurs. IL-6 is the most important driver of immune dysregulation and ARDS in COVID-19 infection. The purpose of this study is to assess differences of IL-6 levels based on clinical severity and outcomes in COVID-19 patients at Dr. M. Djamil Hospital. Method: The study took place at Dr. M. Djamil Hospital from November 2021 to November 2022. This is a retrospective cohort study in which patients were tested for IL-6 levels between January 1st, 2021 and December 31, 2021. The distribution of the frequency and proportion of each variable is included in univariate analysis; bivariate analysis determines the correlation between the independent variables (clinical severity, length of stay, and final status of hospitalization) and the dependent variable (IL-6 levels in COVID-19 patients). Results: Patients' characteristics in this study, the majority of patients aged 18-49 years. Women and patients with moderate disease were more common. The majority of patients were treated for less than 14 days, and the final status of hospitalization the patients showed that most of the patients recovered. IL-6 levels with median (min-max) was 32.00 (1.50-589.00). The IL-6 levels were higher in clinically critical COVID-19 patients (77.20 mg/L), in patients with a shorter length of stay (14 days) (36.00 mg/L), and at final status of hospitalization were death (58.90 mg/L). Conclusion: There were differences of IL-6 level based on clinical severity and final hospitalization status of COVID-19 patients, but not from the length of stay in COVID-19 patients at Dr. M. Djamil Hospital.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Differences in IL-6 Levels Based on Clinical Severity and Outcome of COVID-19 Patients at Dr. M. Djamil Hospital

Morfi,

Sabri,

Mizarti

2023

Respir Scie

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Comparative Analysis of Hematological and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Moderate and Severe COVID-19 Patients

Arthamin,

Mistriono,

Pradhytasari

et al. 2023

Indonesian J. Clin. Pathol. Med. Lab.

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In COVID-19 patients, abnormal blood clotting is common, characterized by elevated D-dimer and fibrinogen levels, reduced platelets, and prolonged clotting times. The second week of infection can trigger a cytokine storm, marked by heightened proinflammatory Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, associated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and organ failure. This study compared hematological biomarkers, D-dimer, and IL-6 in moderate and severe COVID-19 cases. In a cross-sectional study, 81 patients meeting inclusion criteria were examined at a leading private COVID-19 referral hospital in Malang Regency. Data from clinical records and lab results encompassing blood counts, D-dimer, and IL-6 levels were collected. D-dimer was assessed through immunoturbidimetry (STA-Procoag-PPL, Diagnostica Stago S.A.S.), while IL-6 was measured using a chemiluminescent immunoassay (Cobas e411 Elecsys, Roche). Data distribution normality was assessed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests. Non-normally distributed data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test for numerical data and the Fisher exact test for comorbidity-severity correlation. Moderate COVID-19 cases disproportionately affected females, while severe cases had an even gender distribution. The median age was comparable, but mild cases were typically younger. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocyte, neutrophil, platelet, and procalcitonin levels were normal in both groups, with lowered lymphocyte counts. Severe cases displayed a higher Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR). D-dimer and IL-6 were significantly elevated in extreme cases. This study underscores potential gender and age-related discrepancies in COVID-19 severity, emphasizing the significance of monitoring specific blood parameters for disease progression indicators. Further investigation is vital to unveil underlying mechanisms and clinical implications, aiding the management of COVID-19 patients.

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Correlation of Interleukin-6 (Il-6) Level and Number of Lymphocytes in Covid-19 Positive Patients at Persahabatan Hospital

Mulhimah¹,

Wijayanti²,

Purnomo³

2022

MTPHJ

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Covid-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and is transmitted through droplets. In Covid-19 patients who are critical or have severe symptoms, hypercytokines are often found, which is characterized by an increase in the cytokine Interleukin-6 (IL-6). High levels of IL-6 cytokines can disrupt the immune system, including leukocytes, especially lymphocytes, which are the main system of the immune response. The state of continued inflammation and continuously stimulated lymphocytes will cause the lymphocytes to work too hard. This study aims to determine the relationship of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) with lymphocytes in Covid-19 positive patients. This study is a quantitative research with correlation analysis method using data collection technique by purposive sampling. Furthermore, to analyze, the authors used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test and the Spearman correlation test. The results of the analysis showed a fairly significant correlation between levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the number of lymphocytes in Covid-19 positive patients.

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Pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) and total count lymphocyte profiles in COVID-19 patients with different severity levels

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Differences in IL-6 Levels Based on Clinical Severity and Outcome of COVID-19 Patients at Dr. M. Djamil Hospital

Differences in IL-6 Levels Based on Clinical Severity and Outcome of COVID-19 Patients at Dr. M. Djamil Hospital

Comparative Analysis of Hematological and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Moderate and Severe COVID-19 Patients

Correlation of Interleukin-6 (Il-6) Level and Number of Lymphocytes in Covid-19 Positive Patients at Persahabatan Hospital

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