Pro-Inflammatory Diet Is Correlated with High Veillonella rogosae, Gut Inflammation and Clinical Relapse of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic conditions arising from an intricate interplay of genetics and environmental factors, and are associated with gut dysbiosis, inflammation, and gut permeability. In this study, we investigated whether the inflammatory potential of the diet is associated with the gut microbiota profile, inflammation, and permeability in forty patients with IBD in clinical remission. The dietary inflammatory index (DII) score was used to assess the inflammatory potential of the diet. The fecal microbiota profile was analyzed using 16SrRNA (V3–V4) gene sequencing, while fecal zonulin and calprotectin levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. We found a positive correlation between the DII score and elevated calprotectin levels (Rho = 0.498; p = 0.001), but not with zonulin levels. Although α- and β-diversity did not significantly differ across DII quartiles, the most pro-inflammatory diet group exhibited a higher fecal abundance of Veillonella rogosae (p = 0.026). In addition, the abundance of some specific bacteria sequences showed an exponential behavior across DII quartiles and a correlation with calprotectin or zonulin levels (p ≤ 0.050). This included a positive correlation between sq702. Veillonella rogosae and fecal calprotectin levels (Rho = 0.419, p = 0.007). DII, calprotectin, and zonulin levels were identified as significant predictors of 6-month disease relapse (p ≤ 0.050). Our findings suggest a potential relationship of a pro-inflammatory diet intake with Veillonella rogosae and calprotectin levels in IBD patients in clinical remission, which may contribute to disease relapse.

Inflammation in Development and Aging: Insights from the Zebrafish Model

“…Recently, it was reported that senolytic drugs have anti-inflammatory effects in zebrafish models of chronic skin inflammation and in a high-cholesterol diet [174][175][176][177][178][179]. Taken together, these characteristics suggest that rag mutant zebrafish offer a valuable platform for investigating and seeking treatments for senescence in vivo, as well as for the aging process induced by chronic inflammation (Figure 3).…”

Current Knowledge on the Preparation and Benefits of Cruciferous Vegetables as Relates to In Vitro, In Vivo, and Clinical Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

“…The development of dysbiosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress during IBD can be modulated by diet, ∼5 times more closely associated than genetic factors [ 2 , [65] , [66] , [67] ]. High consumption of dietary fat and sugar can increase mucosal dysbiosis, inflammation, and horizontal gene transfer in the microbiome to increase pathogenic colonization such as Pseudomonadota (formerly Proteobacteria) and Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) phyla [ 68 , 69 ] and decrease SCFA-producing bacteria Roseburia spp., Eubacterium rectale, and Ruminococcus bromii [ 70 , 71 ]. Dysbiosis and damaged intestinal cells promote the influx of ROS and inflammasomes from impaired mitochondria biogenesis [ 72 , 73 ]: the hypoxic epithelial cells and inflammatory cytokines induce mitochondrial leaky electron transfer chain and peroxidase production for oxidative stress [ 74 , 75 ], which results in inadequate energy production and tiredness [ 75 ].…”