Probability and amounts of yogurt intake are differently affected by sociodemographic, economic, and lifestyle factors in adults and the elderly—results from a population-based study

Abstract

The aim of this population-based cross-sectional health survey (N = 532) was to investigate the factors associated with the probability and amounts of yogurt intake in Brazilian adults and the elderly. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on demographics, socioeconomic information, presence of morbidities and lifestyle and anthropometric characteristics. Food intake was evaluated using two nonconsecutive 24-hour dietary recalls and a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Approximately 60% of the subjects were classified as yogurt consumers. In the logistic regression model, yogurt intake was associated with smoking (odds ratio [OR], 1.98), female sex (OR, 2.12), and age 20 to 39 years (OR, 3.11). Per capita family income and being a nonsmoker were factors positively associated with the amount of yogurt consumption (coefficients, 0.61 and 3.73, respectively), whereas the level of education of the head of household was inversely associated (coefficient, 0.61). In this study, probability and amounts of yogurt intake are differently affected by demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors in adults and the elderly.

Socioeconomic, Eating- and Health-Related Limitations of Food Consumption among Polish Women 60+ Years: The ‘ABC of Healthy Eating’ Project

“…Moreover, in the available studies conducted among adults, the results are inconsistent. In Brazilian adults, a high socioeconomic status, including the high family income, was positively associated with the amount of yoghurt consumption [ 55 ], whereas, in young American adults, socioeconomic status had no effect on the amount of dairy consumption calculated in total or separately for milk, cheese and yogurt [ 56 ]. On the contrary, as Kapaj and Deci [ 57 ] indicated in their review book, socioeconomic characteristics influenced the consumption of dairy products all over the world.…”

Yogurt consumption is associated with a better lifestyle in Brazilian population

“…The importance of the socioeconomic factors for the acquisition of the food groups, especially for those food groups composed of milk and its derivatives, meats, fruits, greens, and vegetables, has already been documented in the literature [33,34]. Possa et al investigated the factors associated with yogurt consumption and observed a positive association between the amount of yogurt consumption and per capita family income: with increasing per capita family income, yogurt consumption increases by 0.61 g [22]. Considering the positive relationship between income and education, it is possible to explain the association observed in this study between the consumption of yogurt and higher levels of education.…”

“…The second stage was conducted within each censor sector using the proportional quotas relative to the following variables: sex (female, 64%; male, 36%), age (18-29 years, 29%; 30-39 years, 22%; 40-49 years, 25%; 50-59 years, 24%), and socioeconomic class (AB, 43%; C, 57%). The determination of the quotas was based on a study conducted by Possa et al, which aimed to verify the factors associated with yogurt consumption in Sao Paulo [22].…”

“…The group of non-consumers, paired with the consumers for age, sex, and socioeconomic class, consisted of individuals with yogurt consumption frequencies of less than once a week. These pairing variables were selected because they are important confounders, being associated with the consumption of yogurt [22]. The individuals with consumption frequency between one and three times a week, as well as those who reported a consumption ≥ 4 times a week for a period of less than one year were not included in the study.…”

Inflamação e consumo de lácteos em indivíduos adultos residentes no município de São Paulo

“…Importante ressaltar que o mesmo estudo permitiu caracterizar a população de consumidores de lácteos como fisicamente ativa, com reduzida probabilidade de fumar e menores concentrações de glicemia de jejum e TG, além de maiores concentrações de HDL-c. De forma similar, Chen et al (2014) ao analisarem mais de 190.000 indivíduos de 3 coortes americanos demonstraram que o consumo total de lácteos esteve inversamente correlacionado ao fumo, hipertensão e hipercolesterolemia e positivamente com atividade física e consumo de frutas e vegetais. Adicionalmente, apenas o consumo de iogurte permaneceu inversamente relacionado com o risco de DM2 após ajustes.Especificamente sobre iogurte,Wang et al (2013) estudaram sua associação com a qualidade da dieta e perfil metabólico em 6.526 adultos americanos e observaram que ao comparar indivíduos não consumidores à consumidores do produto, estes apresentaram melhores índices de qualidade da dieta, associado à maior prevalência no consumo de frutas, vegetais, peixes e grãos integrais, além de melhor perfil metabólico, caracterizado por menores valores de IMC e circunferência da cintura, níveis de pressão arterial, TG, glicemia e insulina de jejum e maiores níveis de HDL-c. Em adição, os autores verificaram uma menor prevalência de tabagismo nos consumidores de iogurtes, resultados semelhantes aos achados de estudo nacional transversal, onde ser consumidor de iogurte também foi associado a indivíduos não fumantes(POSSA et al, 2015).Outro importante estudo conduzido por Mozaffarian et al (2011) faz destaque ao iogurte em análise realizada em mais de 120.000 indivíduos participantes de 3 coortes americanos referente à mudanças no estilo de vida e sua relação com alterações no peso, onde o iogurte é apontado como o alimento que esteve associado ao menor ganho de peso a longo prazo. Do mesmo modo, os resultados de Martinez-Gonzalez et al (2014) demonstraram que as maiores frequências de consumo total de iogurte e isoladamente de sua versão integral estiveram associadas à menor incidência de sobrepeso/obesidade, sendo a força desta associação ainda maior dentre os participantes que relataram maior consumo de frutas.…”