Probability estimations and delusion-proneness

LaRocco, Valerie A.; Warman, Debbie M.

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.02.021

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This was taken as evidence for disorganized inference processes in patients with schizophrenia. Aspects of this finding have been replicated in first degree relatives of patients and subjects prone to delusions (LaRocco and Warman, 2009; Van Dael et al, 2006; Warman et al, 2007). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Probabilistic learning and inference in schizophrenia

Averbeck

Evans

Chouhan

et al. 2011

Schizophrenia Research

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Patients with schizophrenia make decisions on the basis of less evidence when required to collect information to make an inference, a behavior often called jumping to conclusions. The underlying basis for this behaviour remains controversial. We examined the cognitive processes underpinning this finding by testing subjects on the beads task, which has been used previously to elicit jumping to conclusions behaviour, and a stochastic sequence learning task, with a similar decision theoretic structure. During the sequence learning task, subjects had to learn a sequence of button presses, while receiving noisy feedback on their choices. We fit a Bayesian decision making model to the sequence task and compared model parameters to the choice behavior in the beads task in both patients and healthy subjects. We found that patients did show a jumping to conclusions style; and those who picked early in the beads task tended to learn less from positive feedback in the sequence task. This favours the likelihood of patients selecting early because they have a low threshold for making decisions, and that they make choices on the basis of relatively little evidence.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Probabilistic learning and inference in schizophrenia

Averbeck

Evans

Chouhan

et al. 2011

Schizophrenia Research

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“…Delusions are characterised by biases in attribution and probabilistic reasoning. 28 - 30 Karl Jaspers viewed delusions as deeply-held beliefs that are impervious to logic. 31 If not slightly deluded, the average individual does appear to be consistently biased.…”

Section: Cognitive Biasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hope, optimism and delusion

McGuire-Snieckus

2014

Psychiatr. Bull.

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Optimism is generally accepted by psychiatrists, psychologists and other caring professionals as a feature of mental health. Interventions typically rely on cognitive-behavioural tools to encourage individuals to ‘stop negative thought cycles’ and to ‘challenge unhelpful thoughts’. However, evidence suggests that most individuals have persistent biases of optimism and that excessive optimism is not conducive to mental health. How helpful is it to facilitate optimism in individuals who are likely to exhibit biases of optimism already? By locating the cause of distress at the individual level and ‘unhelpful’ cognitions, does this minimise wider systemic social and economic influences on mental health?

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