Probing multi-phase outflows and AGN feedback in compact radio galaxies: the case of PKS B1934-63

Santoro, Francesco; Rose, M.; Morganti, R.; Tadhunter, C. N.; Oosterloo, Thomas; Holt, J.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833248

Cited by 49 publications

(82 citation statements)

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“…Such a great impact of the radio jet has been observationally shown in many cases (e.g. Villar-Martín et al 1999O'Dea et al 2002;Nesvadba et al 2006;Holt et al 2008;Guillard et al 2012;Harrison et al 2015;Santoro et al 2018;Tremblay et al 2018;Jarvis et al 2019) and theoretically supported through detailed hydrodynamic simulations (e.g. Krause & Alexander 2007;Sutherland & Bicknell 2007;Wagner & Bicknell 2011;Wagner et al 2012;Cielo et al 2018;Mukherjee et al 2018).…”

Section: The Powering Source Of the Multi-phase Gas Outflowmentioning

confidence: 83%

The Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS)

Husemann

Scharwächter

Davis

et al. 2019

A&A

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Context. Galaxy-wide outflows driven by star formation and/or an active galactic nucleus (AGN) are thought to play a crucial rule in the evolution of galaxies and the metal enrichment of the inter-galactic medium. Direct measurements of these processes are still scarce and new observations are needed to reveal the nature of outflows in the majority of the galaxy population. Aims. We combine extensive, spatially-resolved, multi-wavelength observations, taken as part of the Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS), for the edge-on disc galaxy HE 1353−1917 in order to characterise the impact of the AGN on its host galaxy via outflows and radiation. Methods. Multi-color broad-band photometry was combined with spatially-resolved optical, near-infrared (NIR) and sub-mm and radio observations taken with the Multi-Unit Spectroscopy Explorer (MUSE), the Near-infrared Integral Field Spectrometer (NIFS), the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA), and the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) to map the physical properties and kinematics of the multi-phase interstellar medium. Results. We detect a biconical extended narrow-line region ionised by the luminous AGN orientated nearly parallel to the galaxy disc, extending out to at least 25 kpc. The extra-planar gas originates from galactic fountains initiated by star formation processes in the disc, rather than an AGN outflow, as shown by the kinematics and the metallicity of the gas. Nevertheless, a fast, multi-phase, AGN-driven outflow with speeds up to 1000 km s−1 is detected close to the nucleus at 1 kpc distance. A radio jet, in connection with the AGN radiation field, is likely responsible for driving the outflow as confirmed by the energetics and the spatial alignment of the jet and multi-phase outflow. Evidence for negative AGN feedback suppressing the star formation rate (SFR) is mild and restricted to the central kpc. But while any SFR suppression must have happened recently, the outflow has the potential to greatly impact the future evolution of the galaxy disc due to its geometrical orientation. Conclusions.. Our observations reveal that low-power radio jets can play a major role in driving fast, multi-phase, galaxy-scale outflows even in radio-quiet AGN. Since the outflow energetics for HE 1353−1917 are consistent with literature, scaling relation of AGN-driven outflows the contribution of radio jets as the driving mechanisms still needs to be systematically explored.

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Section: The Powering Source Of the Multi-phase Gas Outflowmentioning

confidence: 83%

The Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS)

Husemann

Scharwächter

Davis

et al. 2019

A&A

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“…Optical imaging and spectroscopy observations of CSS and GPS sources have demonstrated that their emission-line regions tend to be aligned with, and on similar scales to, the radio structures (de Vries et al 1997;Axon et al 2000;Labiano 2008;Batcheldor et al 2007;Santoro et al 2018) -reminiscent of the "alignment effect" observed on larger spatial scales in high-z radio galaxies (McCarthy et al 1987;Best et al 1996). Their optical spectra often show strong emission lines disturbed kinematics that are usually more extreme, in terms of line widths and velocity shifts, than those associated with samples of extended radio sources with similar redshifts and radio powers (Gelderman & Whittle 1994;Holt et al 2008Holt et al , 2009Shih et al 2013;Molyneux et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Thus, alternative methods are required to determine whether the warm outflows contain high density components. The first studies which go in this direction -for example, using trans-auroral [S ii] and [O ii] ratios -are finding electron densities that are up to two orders of magnitude higher than typically estimated or assumed in studies of warm outflows, demonstrating that components of the outflowing gas have higher densities than the global ISM of the AGN host galaxies (Holt et al 2011;Rose et al 2018;Santoro et al 2018;Spence et al 2018; Baron & Netzer 2019b;Davies et al 2020). This has important implications for estimates of key outflow parameters such as the mass outflow rates, kinetic powers, and AGN feedback efficiencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AGN-driven outflows and the AGN feedback efficiency in young radio galaxies

Santoro

Tadhunter

Baron

et al. 2020

A&A

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Active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback operated by the expansion of radio jets can play a crucial role in driving gaseous outflows on galaxy scales. Galaxies hosting young radio AGN, whose jets are in the first phases of expansion through the surrounding interstellar medium (ISM), are the ideal targets to probe the energetic significance of this mechanism. In this paper, we characterise the warm ionised gas outflows in a sample of nine young radio sources from the 2 Jy sample, combining X-shooter spectroscopy and Hubble Space Telescope imaging data. We find that the warm outflows have similar radial extents (∼0.06−2 kpc) as radio sources, consistent with the idea that “jet mode” AGN feedback is the dominant driver of the outflows detected in young radio galaxies. Exploiting the broad spectral coverage of the X-shooter data, we used the ratios of trans-auroral emission lines of [S II] and [O II] to estimate the electron densities, finding that most of the outflows have gas densities (log(ne cm−3) ∼ 3 − 4.8), which we speculate could be the result of compression by jet-induced shocks. Combining our estimates of the emission-line luminosities, radii, and densities, we find that the kinetic powers of the warm outflows are a relatively small fraction of the energies available from the accretion of material onto the central supermassive black hole, reflecting AGN feedback efficiencies below 1% in most cases. Overall, the warm outflows detected in our sample are strikingly similar to those found in nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxies, but more energetic and with higher feedback efficiencies on average than the general population of nearby AGN of similar bolometric luminosity; this is likely to reflect a high degree of coupling between the jets and the near-nuclear ISM in the early stages of radio source evolution.

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“…For example, knowledge of the ionized gas density in the outflow is required to convert Hα or [O iii] line luminosities associated with the outflow into ionized gas masses. Electron densities in the outflowing gas around n e ∼ 10 2 cm −3 are typically assumed, although recent studies suggest that the density could be much higher (n e ∼ 10 3 − 10 5 cm −3 ; e.g., Santoro et al 2018;Förster Schreiber et al 2019; Baron & Netzer 2019, Shimizu et al in prep. ), resulting in lower outflow ionized gas masses by up to two or three orders of magnitude.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AGN feedback in a galaxy merger: multi-phase, galaxy-scale outflows with a fast molecular gas blob ∼6 kpc away from IRAS F08572+3915

Herrera-Camus

Janssen

Sturm

et al. 2020

A&A

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To understand the role that AGN feedback plays in galaxy evolution we need in-depth studies of the multi-phase structure and energetics of galaxy-wide outflows. In this work we present new, deep (∼ 50 hr) NOEMA CO(1-0) line observations of the molecular gas in the powerful outflow driven by the AGN in the ultra-luminous infrared galaxy IRAS F08572+3915. We spatially resolve the outflow, finding that its most likely configuration is a wide-angle bicone aligned with the kinematic major axis of the rotation disk. The molecular gas in the wind reaches velocities up to approximately ±1200 km s −1 and transports nearly 20% of the molecular gas mass in the system. We detect a second outflow component located ∼ 6 kpc north-west from the galaxy moving away at ∼ 900 km s −1 , which could be the result of a previous episode of AGN activity. The total mass and energetics of the outflow, which includes contributions from the ionized, neutral, warm and cold molecular gas phases is strongly dominated by the cold molecular gas. In fact, the molecular mass outflow rate is higher than the star formation rate, even if we only consider the gas in the outflow that is fast enough to escape the galaxy, which accounts for about ∼40% of the total mass of the outflow. This results in an outflow depletion time for the molecular gas in the central ∼1.5 kpc region of only ∼ 3 Myr, a factor of ∼ 2 shorter than the depletion time by star formation activity.

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Probing multi-phase outflows and AGN feedback in compact radio galaxies: the case of PKS B1934-63

Cited by 49 publications

References 100 publications

The Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS)

The Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS)

AGN-driven outflows and the AGN feedback efficiency in young radio galaxies

AGN feedback in a galaxy merger: multi-phase, galaxy-scale outflows with a fast molecular gas blob ∼6 kpc away from IRAS F08572+3915

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