Probing the compatibility of energetic binder poly-glycidyl nitrate with energetic plasticizers: thermal, rheological and DFT studies

Shee, Sujit Kumar; Reddy, Sreekantha T.; Athar, Javaid; Sikder, A. K.; Talawar, M. B.; Banerjee, Shaibal; Khan, Abdul Shafeeuulla

doi:10.1039/c5ra16476a

Cited by 47 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Measurements were performed under similar conditions for all the materials. Looking first at the precursor materials, the well formed exothermic peaks give the signs of kinetically controlled decomposition processes . In addition, it can be seen that for final products TKX‐50 and ABTOX, the exothermic peak is shifted to higher temperatures as compared to precursor compounds ( I–IV ) suggesting the products formed are thermally stable which is in consistent with the TGA results.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

TGA, DSC and DFT Studies of TKX‐50, ABTOX and Their Key Precursors

et al. 2018

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TKX‐50 (Dihydroxylammonium 5,5’‐bistetrazolate‐1,1’‐dioxide) and ABTOX (Diammonium salt of 5,5’‐bistetrazole‐1,1′‐diolate) being simple and cheap to prepare from commonly available chemicals, are emerging as promising energetic materials along with the advantages like required thermal insensitivity, low toxicity and safe handling. In order to synthesize such powerful materials with utmost care, it is essential to know about the precursors and reaction intermediates involved. Therefore, the detailed thermal analyses of various precursors such as glyoxime (I), dichloroglyoxime (II), diazidoglyoxime (III) and bistetrazoledihydroxide (IV) and final products viz., TKX‐50 (V) and ABTOX (VI) were carried out using differential scanning calorimetric and thermal gravimetric analysis experiments. The relative trend of band gap values calculated from the difference of HOMO and LUMO is well correlated with the decomposition temperatures (Tmax) values at a heating rate of 10 °C min−1 indicating the relative thermal stability of I–VI. The impact and friction sensitivity of ABTOX and TKX‐50 indicated that these compounds are safer than the currently known powerful explosives such as CL‐20. The calculated density impulse of TKX‐50 in rocket propellant formulations was found to be 499 g m−2 s−1 which is similar as that of HMX (494 g m−2 s−1). The theoretical performance prediction of TKX‐50 as the potential ingredient in gun propellant formulations indicated that the TKX‐50 could yield higher force constant (1471 J K−1) in comparison to currently known explosive such as RDX (1412 J K−1).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

TGA, DSC and DFT Studies of TKX‐50, ABTOX and Their Key Precursors

et al. 2018

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“…Recent research in the field of energetic material formulations is aimed at developing high‐energetic binders, which not only can improve the internal energy and the overall oxygen balance of a propellant compared with conventional nonenergetic binders (like hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene), but also can be consistent with ecofriendly oxidizers like hydrazinium nitroformate, ammoniumdinitramide, etc. Generally, energetic propellant binders are supposed to contain energetic functional groups (explosophores) such as azido groups (N 3 ), nitrate esters (ONO 2 ), nitramines (NNO 2 ), C–nitro groups (CNO 2 ) and difluoramine groups (NF 2 ) along the polymer backbones …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and mechanical properties of fluorine-containing glycidyl azide polymer-based energetic binders

Xu¹,

Ge²,

Lu³

et al. 2017

Polym. Int.

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A novel energetic polymer, fluorine‐containing glycidyl azide polymer (FGAP), was developed via an initial cationic copolymerization of epichlorohydrin and 1,1,1‐trifluoro‐2,3‐epoxypropane, followed by azidation. The structure of FGAP was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopies. The molecular weight and the thermal behavior of FGAP were characterized using gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. FGAP had a molecular weight of 2845 g mol−1, and the glass transition temperature and decomposition temperature were found to be −47.8 and 253 °C, respectively. FGAP‐based polyurethane networks were further prepared using triphenylmethane‐4,4,4‐triisocyanate as the crosslinking agent. In comparison with GAP, FGAP‐based polyurethane networks exhibited better mechanical behaviors (a tensile strength of 1.5 MPa and an elongation at break of 81.6%). The results demonstrated that FGAP might be a promising polymeric binder for future propellant formulations. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…To solve the problems related to processing and vulnerability of HTPB without lowering the performance, energy can be added to the explosive or propellant system through the use of energetic binder . The use of an energetic binder, eg, polyglycidyl azide (GAP) and polyglycidyl nitrate (PGN), has dissatisfactory mechanical properties like tensile strength, % elongation, initial modulus, and hardness . The polar groups in the molecular structure of this compound increase their viscosity and their glass‐transition temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4 The use of an energetic binder, eg, polyglycidyl azide (GAP) and polyglycidyl nitrate (PGN), has dissatisfactory mechanical properties like tensile strength, % elongation, initial modulus, and hardness. 5 The polar groups in the molecular structure of this compound increase their viscosity and their glass-transition temperatures. The rise in glasstransition temperature decreases the low temperature characteristics, which is especially important for missile propellants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing of energetic miktoarm A₂B₂ star‐shaped polymer by means of click chemistry and ROP techniques

Bodaghi

2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Novel A2B2‐type energetic miktoarm star‐shaped copolymers composed of two PGN arms and two PCL arms was synthesized by the combination of ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) and “click” chemistry. Initially, diazido end‐functionalized two‐arm PGN, (PGN)2‐(N3)2, was synthesized by ROP of glycidyl nitrate monomers. Subsequently, (PGN)2‐(PCL)2 was obtained from the click reaction between diazido end‐functionalized (PGN)2‐(N3)2 polymers and propargyl‐terminated poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PTPCL). This star copolymer solves problems of PCL (lake of energy) and PGN (low Tg). The Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) studies revealed that (PGN)2‐(PCL)2 was successfully obtained. The thermal behavior of star polymer was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetry. The results show that (PGN)2‐(PCL)2 decomposed at two stages. The first stage is seen at 212.6°C which related to degradation of –ONO2 group and second stage attributed to degradation of PCL group which is seen at 346.1°C.

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Probing the compatibility of energetic binder poly-glycidyl nitrate with energetic plasticizers: thermal, rheological and DFT studies

Abstract: The essential idea of developing energetic binders and plasticizers is to enhance the thermal stability and energy content, reduce the glass transition temperature and improve other mechanical properties of propellant and explosives formulations.

Cited by 47 publications

References 39 publications

TGA, DSC and DFT Studies of TKX‐50, ABTOX and Their Key Precursors

TGA, DSC and DFT Studies of TKX‐50, ABTOX and Their Key Precursors

Structure and mechanical properties of fluorine-containing glycidyl azide polymer-based energetic binders

Designing of energetic miktoarm A₂B₂ star‐shaped polymer by means of click chemistry and ROP techniques

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Probing the compatibility of energetic binder poly-glycidyl nitrate with energetic plasticizers: thermal, rheological and DFT studies

Abstract: The essential idea of developing energetic binders and plasticizers is to enhance the thermal stability and energy content, reduce the glass transition temperature and improve other mechanical properties of propellant and explosives formulations.

Cited by 47 publications

References 39 publications

TGA, DSC and DFT Studies of TKX‐50, ABTOX and Their Key Precursors

TGA, DSC and DFT Studies of TKX‐50, ABTOX and Their Key Precursors

Structure and mechanical properties of fluorine-containing glycidyl azide polymer-based energetic binders

Designing of energetic miktoarm A2B2 star‐shaped polymer by means of click chemistry and ROP techniques

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Product

Resources

About

Designing of energetic miktoarm A₂B₂ star‐shaped polymer by means of click chemistry and ROP techniques