ProbioticLactobacillus gasseriSBT2055 improves glucose tolerance and reduces body weight gain in rats by stimulating energy expenditure

Abstract

Probiotic Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 (LG2055) reduces postprandial TAG absorption and exerts anti-obesity effects in rats and humans; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In the present study, we addressed the mechanistic insights of the anti-obesity activity of LG2055 by feeding Sprague-Dawley rats diets containing skimmed milk fermented or not by LG2055 for 4 weeks and by analysing energy expenditure, glucose tolerance, the levels of SCFA in the caecum and serum inflammatory markers. Rats fed the LG2055-containing diet demonstrated significantly higher carbohydrate oxidation in the dark cycle (active phase for rats) compared with the control group, which resulted in a significant increase in energy expenditure. LG2055 significantly reduced cumulative blood glucose levels (AUC) compared with the control diet after 3 weeks and increased the molar ratio of butyrate:total SCFA in the caecum after 4 weeks. Furthermore, the LG2055-supplemented diet significantly reduced the levels of serum amyloid P component -an indicator of the inflammatory process. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that, in addition to the inhibition of dietary TAG absorption reported previously, the intake of probiotic LG2055 enhanced energy expenditure via carbohydrate oxidation, improved glucose tolerance and attenuated inflammation, suggesting multiple additive and/or synergistic actions underlying the anti-obesity effects exerted by LG2055.Key words: Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055: Energy expenditure: Glucose tolerance: ObesityThe use of probiotic strains such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria is increasingly expanding because of their beneficial effects (1) . Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 (LG2055) is a representative of probiotic lactic acid bacteria isolated from the gastrointestinal tract in Japan (2,3) , which has been shown to improve intestinal microflora and metabolism (4) . Previous studies have indicated that LG2055 decreases lymphatic TAG absorption and increases faecal fatty acid excretion in rats (5) , decreases postprandial TAG absorption in humans (6) and exerts anti-obesity effect both in animals (5,(7)(8)(9) and in humans (10,11) . However, the underlying mechanisms are not quite clear. Other probiotic bacteria have also been reported to improve metabolism and exert anti-obesity effects in rodents (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) . The key mechanisms include induction of lipolysis via production of trans-10,cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid (12,13) , increase in sympathetic nerve activity (14) and suppression of fat deposition via increased expression of angiopoietin-like 4, a circulating inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase (15,17) . Furthermore, several Lactobacillus strains have been shown to induce transcriptional activation of fatty acid β-oxidation-related genes in the liver (19)(20)(21)23) and muscle (21) , while inhibiting the transcription of fatty acid synthase in the liver (24) , and to improve insulin sensitivity (21,22) and glucose tolerance (25) . However,...

Effect of Synbiotic Supplementation in a Very‐Low‐Calorie Ketogenic Diet on Weight Loss Achievement and Gut Microbiota: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

“…LDA showed that probiotic treatments produced an increase in SCFA‐producing bacteria as the genera Odoribacter and Lachnospira . SCFAs are known to exert beneficial metabolic effects, improving insulin sensitivity through the enhancement of fat oxidation and energy expenditure . In fact, synbiotic1‐synbiotic2 treatment showed an increase in the family Porphyromonadaceae and one of its genera, Odoribacter .…”

Gut Microbiota Interacts with Markers of Adipose Tissue Browning, Insulin Action and Plasma Acetate in Morbid Obesity

“…The mechanisms to explain the relationship between Ruminococcaceae RA and markers of browning in SAT remain to be elucidated. Gut microbial‐derived SCFAs have been demonstrated to improve insulin sensitivity through the enhancing of fat oxidation and energy expenditure . Acetate seems to exert a crucial role in brown adipocyte differentiation through the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis, leading to increased oxygen consumption rate in white and brown adipocytes and skeletal muscle from Otsuka Long‐Evans Tokushima Fatty rats; and increased browning of SAT in parallel to increased insulin sensitivity in mice .…”

Probiotic Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 improves insulin secretion in a diabetic rat model

“…Milk fermented by LG2055 was prepared as described previously (Shirouchi et al, 2016). In addition, the chemical compositions of skim milk (SM) and LG2055 fermented SM powders were the same as described previously (Shirouchi et al, 2016). The final concentration of viable LG2055 in the fermented SM-containing diet was 6 × 10 7 cfu/g of diet.…”

“…Experimental diets were prepared based on the AIN-76 formula (American Institute of Nutrition, 1977) with several modifications and contained (g/kg) 100 fat (90 lard and 10 corn oil), 200 nonfermented SM powder (control diet) or LG2055-fermented SM powder (LG2055 diet), 125 casein, 150 α-cornstarch, 50 cellulose, 3 dl-methionine, 35 mineral mixture (AIN-76), 10 vitamin mixture (AIN-76), 0.5 cholesterol, and 326.5 sucrose. The protein concentration of diets prepared using fermented and nonfermented SM was the same as described previously (Shirouchi et al, 2016). Diets containing high sucrose levels and lard rich in SFA were used to induce obesity and glucose intolerance.…”

“…This meta-analysis included a series of 2 intervention studies using LG2055 (Kadooka et al, 2010(Kadooka et al, , 2013. The intake of LG2055 enhanced energy expenditure via carbohydrate oxidation, improved glucose tolerance, and attenuated inflammation in rats (Shirouchi et al, 2016). In mice fed a high-fat diet, the intake of LG2055 inhibited the translocation of LPS to decrease inflammation in adipose tissues (Kawano et al, 2016).…”