Probiotic Lactobacillus Reuteri Effect’s on the Levels of Interleukin-4 in Periodontitis Patients After Scaling and Root Planing

Abstract

Objective: Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease principally caused by a complex interaction between pathogenic bacteria and immuneresponses. Probiotics stimulate the immune system of the oral mucosa by increasing the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) isthe anti-inflammatory cytokine that is most closely associated with the pathogenesis of periodontitis. This study assessed the effect of Lactobacillus reuteri(L. reuteri) containing probiotic lozenges toward clinical attachment loss (CAL) and IL-4 levels in periodontitis patients after scaling and root planing.Materials and Methods: Clinical samples were collected from the gingival crevicular fluid of 16 periodontitis patients with pocket depth (PD) of6 mm. The samples were divided into two groups. The non-probiotic group included periodontitis patients treated through scaling and root planing(SRP) only (n=8), whereas the probiotic group included periodontitis patients treated through SRP and probiotics (n=8). The measurements of theclinical parameters of PD and CAL were included as diagnostic criteria. Probiotic lozenges were given daily for 14 days. IL-4 levels were measured inboth groups using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.Results: IL-4 levels decreased in the non-probiotic group and increased in the probiotic group, but there was no statistical difference between thegroups. CAL decreased in both groups and was significantly different.Conclusion: SRP with the consumption of probiotic-containing L.reuteri in periodontitis patients resulted in decreased CAL and increased IL-4 levelscompared with SRP only.

Influence of the Probiotic L. reuteri on Periodontal Clinical Parameters after Nonsurgical Treatment: A Systematic Review

“…Then, the literature search on the influence of L. reuteri in the nonsurgical treatment of periodontal disease resulted in 9 articles considering current scientific evidence, which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and were integrated in this systematic review (k = 0.99) (Figure 1). They were codified to facilitate the description: S1 (Teughels et al, 2013) [21]; S2 (Tekce et al, 2015) [22]; S3 (Pelekos et al, 2019) [15]; S4 (Ikram et al, 2019) [23]; S5 (Sinulingga et al, 2020) [10]; S6 (Pelekos et al, 2020) [24]; S7 (Hadžić et al, 2021) [25]; S8 (El-Bagoory et al, 2021) [26]; and S9 (Sufaru et al, 2022) [27].…”

“…Thus, implementing the association (Amoxicillin with Metronidazole) creates more favorable clinical and microbiological effects than Metronidazole alone, despite presenting more adverse effects [ 8 ]. The greatest question is cases of microbial resistance [ 9 ], recolonization in the same sites, and possible adverse effects [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Probiotic adjuvant treatment in combination with scaling and root planing in chronic periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that periodontal clinical parameters (Pl, GI, CAL, BOP, and PPD) and subgingival microbial outcomes differed significantly following probiotic supplementation relative to control treatment. A large number of experiments have demonstrated that the adjuvant treatment of chronic periodontitis with probiotics is clinically beneficial (Mayanagi et al, 2010;Sinulingga et al, 2020). However, no standard probiotic regimen is given to patients, with variations in reported dose, administration route, carrier form, and duration.…”