Probiotics and antimicrobial protein and peptide levels in preterm infants

Strunk, Tobias; Hibbert, Julie; Doherty, Dorota A.; Granland, Caitlyn; Trend, Stephanie; Simmer, Karen; Burgner, David; Patole, Sanjay; Currie, Andrew

doi:10.1111/apa.13826

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…An aliquot of MEE was thawed and used to quantify the following AMPs: Human beta defensin 1 (HBD1), Human beta defensin 2 (HBD2), LL-37, lactoferrin, bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) and secreted phospholipase A 2 (sPLA 2 ). HBD1, HBD2, LL-37 and lactoferrin levels were measured using in-house multiplex fluorescent bead-based assays on the Bio-Plex® 200 system (Bio-Rad Laboratories, California, USA) [30]. BPI and sPLA 2 levels were measured using commercial ELISA kits (Hycult Biotech, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA, and Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, respectively) and according to the manufacturers’ instructions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High concentrations of middle ear antimicrobial peptides and proteins and proinflammatory cytokines are associated with detection of middle ear pathogens in children with recurrent acute otitis media

et al. 2019

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Recurrent and chronic otitis media (OM) are often refractory to antibiotics due to bacterial persistence in biofilm within the middle ear. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs) are bactericidal against otopathogens, indicating potential therapeutic value for recalcitrant OM. We measured concentrations of 6 AMPs and 14 cytokines in middle ear effusion (MEE) from 67 children undergoing ventilation tube insertion for recurrent acute OM. Sixty one percent of children had bacterial otopathogens detected in their MEE, 39% by PCR and 22% by PCR and culture. Groups were defined as: PCR-negative/culture-negative (absence of bacterial otopathogen), n = 26; PCR-positive/culture-negative (presence of nonculturable bacterial otopathogen), n = 26; PCR-positive/culture-positive (presence of culturable bacterial otopathogen), n = 15. Age, antibiotic usage, day-care attendance, presence of respiratory viruses in MEE and number of AOM episodes were similar between groups. AMP and cytokine concentrations were higher in children with bacterial otopathogens in their MEE compared to those with no bacterial otopathogens. Median concentrations of AMPs (except HBD2) were 3 to 56-fold higher in MEE from children with bacterial otopathogens detected in their MEE (P ≤ 0.01). Similarly, median cytokine concentrations (except TGFβ) were >16-fold higher in MEE with bacterial otopathogens detected (P ≤ 0.001). This is the first study to measure AMPs in MEE and together with the cytokine data, results suggest that elevated AMPs and cytokines in MEE are a marker of inflammation and bacterial persistence. AMPs may play an important role in OM pathogenesis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High concentrations of middle ear antimicrobial peptides and proteins and proinflammatory cytokines are associated with detection of middle ear pathogens in children with recurrent acute otitis media

et al. 2019

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“…Studies comparing talactoferrin and bLF remain to be done. Given the common use of probiotics, potential interactions between oral probiotics and bLF/talactoferrin should be tested ( 171 ).…”

Section: Current Interventions With Clinical Evidence Of Benefitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulation to Prevent or Treat Neonatal Sepsis: Past, Present, and Future

et al. 2018

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Despite continued advances in neonatal medicine, sepsis remains a leading cause of death worldwide in neonatal intensive care units. The clinical presentation of sepsis in neonates varies markedly from that in older children and adults, and distinct acute inflammatory responses results in age-specific inflammatory and protective immune response to infection. This review first provides an overview of the neonatal immune system, then covers current mainstream, and experimental preventive and adjuvant therapies in neonatal sepsis. We also discuss how the distinct physiology of the perinatal period shapes early life immune responses and review strategies to reduce neonatal sepsis-related morbidity and mortality. A summary of studies that characterize immune ontogeny and neonatal sepsis is presented, followed by discussion of clinical trials assessing interventions such as breast milk, lactoferrin, probiotics, and pentoxifylline. Finally, we critically appraise future treatment options such as stem cell therapy, other antimicrobial protein and peptides, and targeting of pattern recognition receptors in an effort to prevent and/or treat sepsis in this highly vulnerable neonatal population.

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“…Readers may also be interested in the paper by Strunk et al. who found that antimicrobial protein and peptide levels were not altered in very preterm infants by Bifidobacterium breve supplements. The findings are discussed in the accompanying editorial by Popescu et al.…”

Section: Probiotics May Prevent Necrotising Enterocolitis In Preterm mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Käll¹,

Lagercrantz²

2017

Acta Paediatrica

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Probiotics may prevent necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infantsThis systematic review and meta-analysis by Thomas et al. (1) demonstrates that providing very low-birthweight infants with probiotic supplements led to significant reductions in the incidence of necrotising enterocolitis and all-cause mortality. Probiotic formulations containing the Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species were found to be the most efficacious. Abrahamsson comments on the findings (2). Readers may also be interested in the paper by Strunk et al. (3) who found that antimicrobial protein and peptide levels were not altered in very preterm infants by Bifidobacterium breve supplements. The findings are discussed in the accompanying editorial by Popescu et al. (4).

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Probiotics and antimicrobial protein and peptide levels in preterm infants

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

High concentrations of middle ear antimicrobial peptides and proteins and proinflammatory cytokines are associated with detection of middle ear pathogens in children with recurrent acute otitis media

High concentrations of middle ear antimicrobial peptides and proteins and proinflammatory cytokines are associated with detection of middle ear pathogens in children with recurrent acute otitis media

Immunomodulation to Prevent or Treat Neonatal Sepsis: Past, Present, and Future

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