Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in adults and children

Goldenberg, Joshua Z.; Yap, Christina; Lytvyn, Lyubov; Lo, Calvin Ka-Fung; Beardsley, Jennifer; Mertz, Dominik; Johnston, Bradley C.

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006095.pub3

Cited by 452 publications

(365 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…The panel concluded that the general benefit of support ing a healthy digestive tract was re inforced by evidence gathered on a large number of different pro biotic strains representing commonly studied species. This conclu sion was based on a body of available research, including highquality metaanalyses, on a diversity of clinical end points (such as infectious diarrhoea, antibioticassociate d diarrhoea, gut transit, IBS, abdominal pain and bloat ing, ulcerative colitis and necrotizing enterocolitis [11][12][13][14][15] ), as well as potential mechanistic actions suggesting that most strains of these species can be expected to have such 'generic' or 'core' effects on gut physiology and health. The core benefit of support ing a healthy immune system was considered by the panel to be widely acknowl edged, but probably more strainspecific.…”

Section: Revisiting the Term 'Probiotic'mentioning

confidence: 99%

The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic

Hill

Guarner

Reid

et al. 2014

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

7,013

4,003

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| An expert panel was convened in October 2013 by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) to discuss the field of probiotics. It is now 13 years since the definition of probiotics and 12 years after guidelines were published for regulators, scientists and industry by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the WHO (FAO/WHO). The FAO/WHO definition of a probiotic-"live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"-was reinforced as relevant and sufficiently accommodating for current and anticipated applications. However, inconsistencies between the FAO/WHO Expert Consultation Report and the FAO/WHO Guidelines were clarified to take into account advances in science and applications. A more precise use of the term 'probiotic' will be useful to guide clinicians and consumers in differentiating the diverse products on the market. This document represents the conclusions of the ISAPP consensus meeting on the appropriate use and scope of the term probiotic.

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Section: Revisiting the Term 'Probiotic'mentioning

confidence: 99%

The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic

Hill

Guarner

Reid

et al. 2014

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

7,013

4,003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Some studies have supported the potential efficacy of some probiotics in the management of C. difficile infection but generally, the benefit of probiotics in the management of C. difficile infection is contentious (Allen et al, 2013;Goldenberg et al, 2013;Hickson, 2011;Na and Kelly, 2011;Pattani et al, 2013;Pillai and Nelson, 2008;Rainkie and Kolber, 2013). For instance, a review published by Pillai and Nelson (2008) in the Cochrane library, which initially investigated the effect of probiotics either used alone or in conjunction with antibiotics for the treatment of C. difficile infection, reported that only one study out of the four that met the inclusion criteria showed significant benefit of the probiotics (Pillai and Nelson, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro inhibition of Clostridium difficile by commercial probiotics: A microcalorimetric study

Fredua‐Agyeman

Stapleton

Basit

et al. 2017

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

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The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of some commercial probiotics on the growth of Clostridium difficile using the isothermal microcalorimeter, an instrument which can monitor the real time growth of bacteria. Commercial probiotic strains and products, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 ® , Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12 ® , Probio 7 ® and Symprove tm were co-cultured with C. difficile in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth supplemented with 0.1% (w/v) L-cysteine hydrochloride and 0.1% (w/v) sodium taurocholate and monitored in the microcalorimeter. Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIMB 8628 was also co-cultured with C. difficile and studied. The results indicated inhibition of C. difficile by the probiotics. The inhibition of C. difficile was shown to be pH-dependent using neutralized and unmodified cell free supernatant (CFS) produced by the probiotic strains. However, concentrated CFS of the probiotics also inhibited the intestinal pathogen in a non pH-dependent manner, likely due to specific antimicrobial substances produced. The results also indicated that C. difficile growth was greatly influenced by the presence of sodium taurocholate and by the pH of the medium. A medium pH of between 6.45 and 6.9 demonstrated maximum growth of the organism in the microcalorimeter.

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“…The therapeutic effects of probiotic administration on disorders presumably associated with dysbiosis have been extensively examined [1][2][3][5][6][7]. Several randomized controlled trials, including pancreatoduodenectomy, hepatobiliary resection and liver transplantation, demonstrate that the use of probiotics in patients undergoing abdominal surgery is a promising approach to the prevention of post-operative infectious complications [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synbiotics, Surgical Infection and Colonization Resistance

Komatsu¹

2016

Clin Microbiol

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In our recent randomized controlled study to assess the effect of perioperative oral administration of synbiotics on surgical outcome in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal resection, the efficacy of synbiotics as a treatment to reduce the incidence of infectious complications was not validated. However, this study incorporated molecularbased methods and a large sample size, and microbiological examinations showed that dysbiosis induced by surgery was greatly improved by perioperative synbiotic treatment, resulting in the decrease of potentially pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium difficile. This study also provided novel evidence that could explain, in part, the mechanisms whereby probiotics enhance colonization resistance in the gastrointestinal tract.Keywords: Postoperative complication; Probiotics; Bifidobacterium; Clostridium difficile; Bacterial translocation; Short chain fatty acids DescriptionThe gut microbiota performs a wide range of beneficial functions for human health and homeostasis, maintaining nutrition, strengthening the immune system and improving colonization resistance. There is also increasing evidence that gut microbial imbalances (dysbiosis) are associated with various intestinal-related diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases and irritable bowel syndrome, as well as infectious complications after surgery [1][2][3][4].Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that have positive effects on human health when ingested in sufficient amounts. The therapeutic effects of probiotic administration on disorders presumably associated with dysbiosis have been extensively examined [1][2][3][5][6][7]. Several randomized controlled trials, including pancreatoduodenectomy, hepatobiliary resection and liver transplantation, demonstrate that the use of probiotics in patients undergoing abdominal surgery is a promising approach to the prevention of post-operative infectious complications [8][9][10][11]. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of probiotics treatment for prevention of infectious complications after colorectal surgery remains inconclusive [1,3,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], possibly due to differences in patient groups, varying preparations of probiotics, and heterogeneity in the quality of methods. Whether or not beneficial bacteria actually survive in the intestine also remains unclear.We recently published the results of a randomized controlled study to assess the effect of perioperative oral administration of synbiotics, a combination of probiotics (Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota and Bifidobacterium breve strain Yakult) and prebiotics (dietary supplement of probiotics), on surgical outcome in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal resection [22]. In this study, surgical site infection (SSI) occurred in 17.3% of synbiotics group patients and in 22.7% of control group patients (OR 0.761, 95%CI 050-1.16; p=0.20). Overall, the rate of postoperative complications, including anastomotic leakage, did not differ significantly between groups. The efficacy o...

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Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in adults and children

Cited by 452 publications

References 117 publications

The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic

The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic

In vitro inhibition of Clostridium difficile by commercial probiotics: A microcalorimetric study

Synbiotics, Surgical Infection and Colonization Resistance

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