Probiotics in Allergic Diseases

Abstract

Allergic diseases are the most common chronic diseases in children and no complete agreement on effective measures for primary prevention is available. Atopic family history is one of the most important risk factors for the development of asthma. A decline in microbial diversity due to modern lifestyle particularly in urban areas was proposed to have an important role in allergic epidemic. Recent studies are more focused on the specific mode of prevention such as probiotic usage in early pregnancy and infants period. It is well known that the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota has been postulated to play a role in the development of allergies because it promotes potentially antiallergenic processes: TH1-type immunity, generation of TGF (which has an essential role in suppression of TH2-induced allergic inflammation and induction of oral tolerance), and IgA production, an essential component of mucosal immune defenses. Probiotic interventions administered during pregnancy and breastfeeding offer a unique opportunity to influence a range of important maternal and infant outcomes.

Prebiotik dan Dermatitis Atopik pada Anak

“…Probiotik dapat mengurangi peradangan dengan mengurangi sitokin proinflamasi, IL-4, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), INF-γ dan protein reaktif C sensitivitas tinggi (hsCRP) (Zheng et al, 2018) dan dengan meningkatkan ekspresi IL-10 dan sitokin terkait Treg di kelenjar getah bening mesenterika. Mekanisme baru yang diusulkan untuk menunjukkan efektivitas probiotik adalah penghambatan diferensiasi sel dendritik matang dan transformasi sel T naif menjadi Th2 (Filipovic et al, 2020). Imunomodulasi menurunkan kerentanan terhadap faktor inflamasi dan alergi yang memodulasi sumbu kulit usus.…”

Prenatal and perinatal risk factors for allergic disease development

“…Poznati koncept "higijenske hipoteze" danas se sve više razmatra u konteksu disfuncionalne mikrobiote [30,31]. Prema dosadašnjim saznanjima fiziološka trudnoća, porođaj vaginalnim putem, suplementacija vitaminom D3 i probioticima, završetak porođaja u terminu i racionalna upotreba antibiotika predstavljaju najznačajnije faktore za pravilan razvoj imunskog sistema, a samim tip i pravilan razvoj deteta [32,33]. Koncept standardne farmakoterapije alergijskih bolesti podrazumeva simptomatsko lečenje, a boljim poznavanjem etiopatogeneze ovih bolest na korak smo od efikasne prevencije i intervencije koja podrazumeva lečenje uzroka, a ne posledica bolesti.…”