Allergic diseases are the most common chronic diseases in children and no complete agreement on effective measures for primary prevention is available. Atopic family history is one of the most important risk factors for the development of asthma. A decline in microbial diversity due to modern lifestyle particularly in urban areas was proposed to have an important role in allergic epidemic. Recent studies are more focused on the specific mode of prevention such as probiotic usage in early pregnancy and infants period. It is well known that the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota has been postulated to play a role in the development of allergies because it promotes potentially antiallergenic processes: TH1-type immunity, generation of TGF (which has an essential role in suppression of TH2-induced allergic inflammation and induction of oral tolerance), and IgA production, an essential component of mucosal immune defenses. Probiotic interventions administered during pregnancy and breastfeeding offer a unique opportunity to influence a range of important maternal and infant outcomes.

Introduction: Normal and regular menstrual cycle is an important physiological function that indicates valuable information about women reproductive health, as well as the overall health. A lifestyle pattern could have influence on hormone activity and potential impact on menstrual regularity. Menstrual abnormalities are very common among adolescents. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore if the change of everyday habits, during pandemic, had an influence on hormone activity and menstrual regularity among young women. Material and methods: This study included 169 girls, from 15 to 25 years old, that were doing questionnaire based on menstruation characteristic and daily habits in period from December 2019 to October 2020. Average duration of menstrual cycle, before and during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, was analyzed. Results: Average time of menarcha was age 12. During 2019, 17.2% of respondents had irregular menstrual cycle. Change of dietary habits, in the time of pandemic, was reported by 30% of girls and sleep habit by 35.5%. Additionally, 44% of them had less activities for school and 77% girls spent more time on their mobile phones. Conclusion: Analyzing data from menstrual history of examined girls, there was no statistically significant difference in menstrual cycle duration during pandemic, comparing it to previous period, despite the change of daily habits.

For allergic diseases to develop, three components must be present: heredity, allergen contact and environmental factors. Allergic diseases are the most common chronic diseases in children and adolescents. This paper aims to present the latest findings on prenatal and perinatal risk factors for the development of atopic disease. The analysis was conducted by researching papers from the MEDLINE and PubMed databases published before September 2021. It has been determined that a mother's immune system during pregnancy plays a key role in the development of the fetus and affects the overall well-being of her offspring later in life. Immune dysregulation during the gestation period is proven to be associated with adverse maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes. Contrary to the long-established belief that amniotic fluid is a sterile medium, it is now known that the fetus receives its first dose of probiotics by swallowing amniotic fluid. In connection with that, the microbiota of the mother greatly affects the microbiome of the newborn. Premature birth, cesarean delivery, intrapartum administration of antibiotics and other drugs can all harm the formation of the baby's microbiome. Understanding the importance of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases as well as the old hygiene hypothesis concept in the light of microbial disorders, it is clear that all previously mentioned parameters can have a very important impact on the development of allergic diseases in children.

Objectives: Analysis of diagnostic value of 3D multislice ultrasound in analysis of fetal face and hard palate and detection of cleft palate from 12 -18th week of pregnancy. Methods: In this study 250 patients with normal pregnancy were included. After obtained midsgital scan in 3D mode and switching to 3D multislice, fetal face morphology was analysed in 3D multislice oblique mode. Utilizing five parallel planes in which the central plane was set to vizualize retronasal triangle, fetal face and hard palate were presented in this technique. In 6 patients with cleft palate obtained volumes of facial midsagital scan were analyzed in 3D multislice mode to test the diagnostic value of this technique. Results: In 250 patients with normal pregnancy in 3D multislice oblique technique retronasal triangle and hard palate were visualized in minimum three planes and normal morphology of palate was confirmed. In 6 patients defect in retronasal triangle morphology and palate was confirmed. One patient at 18 week of pregnancy, besides facial cleft had multiple anomalies and triploidy. Two patients at 15 and 16 weeks had holoprosencephaly and facial cleft associated with trisomy 13. In two patients facial clefts were suspected at 12 and confirmed at 17 weeks with normal kariotype. The remaining one case was twin monochorionic pregnancy where facial cleft was detected at 16 weeks and the remaining twin had normal morphology. Fetal kariotype was also normal. Conclusions: Analysis of fetal facial morphology and hard palate in 3d multislice oblique mode, after obtaining 3D midsagital scan, can be very useful diagnostic procedure in detection of facial clefts, either isolated or associated with other fetal anomalies Congenital dacryocystocele is cystic swelling of the lacrimal sac due to obstruction of the lacrimal drainage system. We diagnosed unilateral dacryocystocele by 2D ultrasound (images a, b) in 3 fetuses -mean gestational age 29.6 weeks (range 28-31 weeks). Mean largest diameter was 9 mm (range 7-11 mm). There were no associated anomalies. In all cases 4D ultrasound was performed, to obtain additional information on the degree of intranasal extension, and in one case dilatation of nasolacrimal duct, as well as to reassure the parents that there was no facial distortion. In all faces mild swelling of the skin in the area of the cyst was seen on 4D (image c). In the first case MRI confirmed the diagnosis and estimated the diametar of dilatated nasolacrimal duct (images d, e), and for further cases it was not needed, since it was clear what the finding was. Spontaneous resolution was not seen prenatally, but was seen in all the fetuses postnatally. No further intervention was needed in the course of six weeks postnatally. P11: CASE REPORTS: FETAL ANATOMY I2D ultrasound, with the addition of 3/4D ultrasound is sufficient to accurately prenatally diagnose dacryocystocele, and MRI may be used in cases where diagnosis is not clear, thus facilitating diagnosis, based on the findings of paraocular cystic mass in the medial canthus ...

The authors present the case of a 28-year-old nulliparous woman, who successfully carried a term pregnancy in a unicornuate uterus with a solid non-communicating rudimentary horn, and a history of myomectomy, without cerclage placement or tocolytic therapy. The patient was admitted to the present clinic for uterine fibroids and menorrhagia. The patient underwent laparotomy, during which a myomectomy was performed. Twelve months after the surgery, the patient conceived spontaneously. Routine obstetric ultrasounds revealed normal intrauterine fetal development. Cerclage and tocolytic therapy were not indicated at any stage of the pregnancy. A live female neonate was delivered via cesarean section at 39 weeks' gestation.