Problem Çözme Performansında Yaşa Bağlı Farklılıklar

Abstract

ÖzProblem çözme becerisi, bireyi pek çok açıdan etkileyen yeteneklerin başında gelmektedir ve başarılı yaşlanmada önemli bir yere sahiptir. Araştırmalar problem çözme performansının bireyin bilişsel ve kişilik özellikleri ile birlikte içinde bulunduğu sosyal bağlam ile de oldukça yakından ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu açıdan, günlük problem çözme süreci geniş bir bağlamda incelenmesi gereken çok yönlü dinamik bir süreç gerektirir. Problem çözme başarısının tanımı, yaşam boyu gelişim psikolojisi bakış açısına bağlı olarak değişiklik gösterse de araştırmalar problem çözme performansının yaşa bağlı farklı değişim örüntüleri olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Daha özgül olarak, bazı bulgular yaş arttıkça performansın azaldığını işaret etse de diğer araştırmacılar kuramlarla çatışır bir şekilde yaş ile problem çözme arasında negatif yönde doğrusal bir ilişki olmadığını ve bu bulguların çeşitlilik gösterdiğini belirtmişlerdir. Bu derlemenin amacı, psikoloji alan yazınında problem çözme yaklaşımlarını ele almak, bu beceri üzerinde etkili olabilecek olası faktörleri tartış-mak ve bu beceriye dair güncel araştırma bulgularını sunmaktır.Anahtar sözcükler: Problem çözme, yetişkinlik, bilişsel işlevsellik. AbstractThe ability of problem-solving is one of the skills that are very influential in a person's life and it also has critical importance on successful aging. The recent studies show that problem-solving performance is very much related to the social context as well as it is related to cognitive abilities and personality traits. Since everyday problem-solving ability can be described as a versatile dynamic process, it should be studied in various contexts. Although the definition of success in problemsolving may vary through a lifespan development perspective, studies reveal that there are divergent patterns of change (decreased, increased or remained the same) in performance based on age. More specifically, some findings indicate that performance decreases as age increases, but other researchers have pointed out that there is no negative linear relationship between age and problem solving in conflict with theories and these fings vary. The aim of this review is to address recent approaches to problem-solving ability, discuss potential factors that may relate to this construct and summarize their recent findings.

How Successful Are We Aging?

“…Some researchers have revealed that the problem-solving mechanisms of elderly people in different fields are lower compared to young and middle aged people. 29,30 Also in the study conducted by Chen et al, in 2017, they stated that problem solving performance started to decrease after the age of 50. 31 Also, the variety of the problems experienced by older people, their problem-solving approaches, social support mechanisms, personality structures and mental health may be effective in coping with the problems they experience.…”

Okul Öncesi̇ Çocuklarin Sosyal Problem Çözme Beceri̇leri̇ne İli̇şki̇n Bi̇r Araştirma

“…Heidrich and Denney emphasized that the variable that predicts social problem solving performance including interpersonal conflicts is education level, and individuals with better education tend to have higher social problem solving scores (Soylu & Pala 2018). Burton, Strauss, Hultsch & Hunter (2006) stated that individuals with more than 12 years of education performed better than individuals with less education.…”

Examining the Relationship between High School Students' Lifelong Learning Tendencies and Problem Solving Self-Appraisal

“…In this process, they manage themselves and make some strategic decisions (Skilbeck, 2012). Some researchers have shaped their studies in this direction, claiming that problem solving performance may be an important variable that predicts an individual's basic status and characteristics, such as quality of life and well-being (Soylu, Pala, 2018). In light of this, considering the predictive features of problem solving on an individual's life, investigating the effects of problem solving on lifelong learning may offer important implications toward facilitating an individuals' adoption of lifelong learning.…”